Egregious. Satisficing. Supererogation. Consequentialism. First published Tue May 20, 2003; substantive revision Tue Sep 27, 2011 Consequentialism, as its name suggests, is the view that normative properties depend only on consequences. This general approach can be applied at different levels to different normative properties of different kinds of things, but the most prominent example is consequentialism about the moral rightness of acts, which holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act, such as the motive behind the act or a general rule requiring acts of the same kind. 1. Classic Utilitarianism The paradigm case of consequentialism is utilitarianism, whose classic proponents were Jeremy Bentham (1789), John Stuart Mill (1861), and Henry Sidgwick (1907). (For predecessors, see Schneewind 1990.) Classic utilitarianism is consequentialist as opposed to deontological because of what it denies. These claims could be clarified, supplemented, and subdivided further. 2.
Normative. Normative has specialized contextual meanings in several academic disciplines. Generically, it means relating to an ideal standard or model.[1] In practice, it has strong connotations of relating to a typical, appropriate and/or ideal standard, typology or model (see also normality). Philosophy[edit] For example, "children should eat vegetables", and "those who would sacrifice liberty for security deserve neither" are normative claims. On the other hand, "vegetables contain a relatively high proportion of vitamins", "smoking causes cancer", and "a common consequence of sacrificing liberty for security is a loss of both" are positive claims. It is only with David Hume[citation needed] in the 18th century that philosophers began to take cognizance of the logical difference between normative and descriptive statements and thinking.
Social sciences and economics[edit] International relations[edit] Law[edit] Standards documents[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Further reading[edit] Ethics. The three major areas of study within ethics are:[1] Meta-ethics, concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determinedNormative ethics, concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of actionApplied ethics, concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action[1] Defining ethics[edit] The word "ethics" in English refers to several things.[6] It can refer to philosophical ethics—a project that attempts to use reason in order to answer various kinds of ethical questions. [citation needed] It can also be used to describe a particular person's own, idiosyncratic principles or habits.[7] For example: "Joe has good ethics.
" [edit] Main article: Meta-ethics Meta-ethics has always accompanied philosophical ethics. The ontology of ethics is about value-bearing things or properties, i.e. the kind of things or stuff referred to by ethical propositions. Deontological Ethics. First published Wed Nov 21, 2007; substantive revision Wed Dec 12, 2012 The word deontology derives from the Greek words for duty (deon) and science (or study) of (logos). In contemporary moral philosophy, deontology is one of those kinds of normative theories regarding which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted. In other words, deontology falls within the domain of moral theories that guide and assess our choices of what we ought to do (deontic theories), in contrast to (aretaic [virtue] theories) that—fundamentally, at least—guide and assess what kind of person (in terms of character traits) we are and should be.
And within that domain, deontologists—those who subscribe to deontological theories of morality—stand in opposition to consequentialists. 1. Consequentialists can and do differ widely in terms of specifying the Good. None of these pluralist positions erase the difference between consequentialism and deontology. 2. 2.1 Agent-Centered Deontological Theories. How Drugs Helped Invent the Internet & The Singularity: Jason Silva on "Turning Into Gods" New Tab. Leverage Your Personality Type.