Ancient Egypt. Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos. Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos Many civilizations have inhabited this small Aegean island, near Asia Minor, since the 3rd millennium B.C.
The remains of Pythagoreion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and a spectacular tunnel-aqueduct, as well as the Heraion, temple of the Samian Hera, can still be seen. Pythagoreion et Heraion de Samos Dans cette petite île de la mer Égée proche de l'Asie Mineure, plusieurs civilisations se sont succédé depuis le IIIe millénaire avant l'ère chrétienne. Il y subsiste notamment les vestiges de Pythagoreion, ancienne ville portuaire fortifiée avec ses monuments grecs et romains et son spectaculaire aqueduc en tunnel, et l'Heraion, sanctuaire d'Hera samienne. بيتاغوريون وهيرايون دي ساموس تعاقبت حضارات كثيرة منذ الألف الثالث قبل الحقبة المسيحية في هذه الجزيرة الصغيرة من بحر إيجة، وبقيت بصورة خاصة آثار بيتاغوريون المدينة المرفئية القديمة المحصّنة بنصبها اليونانية والرومانية، وقناة النفق الرائعة ، وهيرايون معبد الإلهة هيرا من ساموس.
Oldest Art in Americas Found on Mammoth Bone. The Americas' earliest known artist was an Ice Age hunter in what is now Florida, a new study confirms. The carved bone, which depicts a walking mammoth, was found near Vero Beach in east-central Florida in 2006 or 2007. (See a map of the region.) Since its discovery, scientists have been working to determine the authenticity of the 13,000-year-old artifact. Now, several experiments reveal the etching is indeed ancient, scientists reported recently in the Journal of Archaeological Science.
"This is an incredibly exciting discovery," study co-author Dennis Stanford, an anthropologist at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, said in a statement. "There are hundreds of depictions of proboscideans [the order of animals with trunks] on cave walls and carved into bones in Europe, but none from America—until now. " (See "Stone Age Art Caves May Have Been Concert Halls. ") Oldest American Art the Real Deal. Lost City Revealed Under Centuries of Jungle Growth. Though it's long been known to locals that something—something big—is buried in this patch of Guatemalan rain forest, it's only now that archaeologists are able to begin teasing out what exactly Head of Stone was.
Using GPS and electronic distance-measurement technology last year, the researchers plotted the locations and elevations of a seven-story-tall pyramid, an astronomical observatory, a ritual ball court, several stone residences, and other structures. (See pictures of excavated Maya cities .) Some of the stone houses, said study leader Brigitte Kovacevich , may have doubled as burial chambers for the city's early kings. "Oftentimes archaeologists are looking at the biggest pyramids or temples to find the tombs of early kings, but during this Late-Middle Preclassic period"—roughly 600 B.C. to 300 B.C. —"the king is not the center of the universe yet, so he's probably still being buried in the household," said Kovacevich, an archaeologist at Southern Methodist University in Dallas.
Candy Facts: Halloween Treats From Ancient Recipes. October 30, 2008 Trick-or-treaters reaching for individually wrapped candy bars this Halloween probably won't stop to wonder about the origins of their sugary treats.
But for anyone with a taste for adventure, the holiday could be an ideal time for a sweet history lesson, as a remarkable number of bygone confections can still be bought or made. For instance, "most medieval sweets are still around in some form or another," said Tim Richardson, author of Sweets: A History of Candy. Prehistoric treats such as tree sap, honeycomb, and raw sugarcane might not be popular anymore as stand-alone foods. There are, however, several old-school items that may delight, surprise, or perhaps repulse your Halloween guests. (Related: "Keep Halloween Fair," National Geographic's Green Guide [October/November 2007].) Dates and Figs Whether date and fig concoctions count as true candy is up for debate. The lumps can be wrapped in fig leaves for added authenticity or for easy distribution.