Maths
Andreï Kolmogorov
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Andreï Nikolaïevitch Kolmogorov Andreï Nikolaïevitch Kolmogorov (en russe : Андрей Николаевич Колмогоров ; 25 avril 1903 à Tambov - 20 octobre 1987 à Moscou ) est un mathématicien soviétique et russe dont les apports en mathématiques sont considérables. Biographie [ modifier ] Enfance [ modifier ] Kolmogorov est né à Tambov en 1903.
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. En théorie des probabilités et en statistiques , la loi de Poisson est une loi de probabilité discrète qui décrit le comportement du nombre d'évènements se produisant dans un laps de temps fixé, si ces évènements se produisent avec une fréquence moyenne connue et indépendamment du temps écoulé depuis l'évènement précédent. La loi de Poisson est également pertinente pour décrire le nombre d'évènements dans d'autres types d'intervalles, spatiaux plutôt que temporels, comme des segments, surfaces ou volumes. La loi de Poisson a été introduite en 1838 par Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840), dans son ouvrage Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile [ 2 ] .
Loi de Poisson
Ludwig Boltzmann
Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (February 20, 1844 – September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist whose greatest achievement was in the development of statistical mechanics , which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms (such as mass , charge , and structure) determine the visible properties of matter (such as viscosity, thermal conductivity , and diffusion). [ edit ] Biography [ edit ] Childhood and education Boltzmann was born in Vienna , the capital of the Austrian Empire . His father, Ludwig Georg Boltzmann, was a revenue official. His grandfather, who had moved to Vienna from Berlin, was a clock manufacturer, and Boltzmann’s mother, Katharina Pauernfeind, was originally from Salzburg .
Kurt Friedrich Gödel [ 2 ] ( / ˈ k ɜr t ɡ ɜr d əl / ; German: [ˈkʊʁt ˈɡøːdəl] ( listen ) ; April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was an Austrian American logician , mathematician , and philosopher . After World War II, he emigrated to the United States . Considered among the most significant logicians in human history—at the level of Aristotle and Frege —Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century, a time when others such as Bertrand Russell , [ 3 ] A.
Kurt Gödel
John von Neumann ( pron.: / v ɒ n ˈ n ɔɪ m ən / ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-born American mathematician and polymath . He made major contributions to a vast number of fields, [ 1 ] including mathematics ( foundations of mathematics , functional analysis , ergodic theory , geometry , topology , and numerical analysis ), physics ( quantum mechanics , hydrodynamics , and fluid dynamics ), economics ( game theory ), computer science ( Von Neumann architecture , linear programming , self-replicating machines , stochastic computing ), and statistics . [ 2 ]
John von Neumann
Claude Shannon
Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician , electronic engineer , and cryptographer known as "The father of information theory ". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with a landmark paper that he published in 1948. However, he is also credited with founding both digital computer and digital circuit design theory in 1937, when, as a 21-year-old master's degree student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he wrote his thesis demonstrating that electrical applications of boolean algebra could construct and resolve any logical, numerical relationship. It has been claimed that this was the most important master's thesis of all time. [ 3 ] Shannon contributed to the field of cryptanalysis for national defense during World War II , including his basic work on codebreaking and secure telecommunications . [ edit ] Biography Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan .