Erythropoietin. Erythropoietin, (/ɨˌrɪθrɵˈpɔɪ.ɨtɨn/, UK /ɛˌrɪθroʊ.poʊˈiːtɪn/) also known as EPO, is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine (protein signaling molecule) for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. Human EPO has a molecular weight of 34 kDa. Also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin, it is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and tubular epithelial tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. Exogenous erythropoietin is produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture. Function[edit] Red blood cell production[edit] Erythropoietin is the primary erythropoietic factor that cooperates with various other growth factors (e.g., IL-3, IL-6, glucocorticoids, and SCF) involved in the development of erythroid lineage from multipotent progenitors.
Nonhematopoietic roles[edit] Mechanism of action[edit] Synthesis and regulation[edit] Renal biogenesis of erythropoietin. [Am J Med. 1975. Regulated oxygen sensing by protein hydroxylation in renal erythropoietin-producing cells. Two major organs in the adult body measure the systemic arterial oxygenation of the circulating blood: the carotid body and the kidney. The carotid body is located close to the lung circulation and obtains freshly oxygenated blood.
Its type I chemoreceptor cells reside in a highly perfused tissue, and their oxygenation depends largely on the oxygen partial pressure (Po2) rather than the oxygen content of the blood. The carotid body thus serves as a feedback control system that acutely surveys the function of the lung. Every drop in Po2 will immediately result in increased alveolar ventilation to normalize arterial Po2. The kidney, on the other hand, features a unique oxygen gradient which is stabilized by the countercurrent exchange of oxygen along the corticomedullary axis, keeping tissue Po2 at relatively low values (116). Ubiquitous Cellular Oxygen Sensing by Protein Hydroxylation Multimodal Regulation of Oxygen Sensing Table 1. F1.large.jpg (832×1280) Www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.ph.51.030189.004213. Is malarial anaemia homologous to neocytolysis after altitude acclimatisation? Cristina Fernandez-Arias, Clemente F. Arias, and Ana Rodriguez International Journal for Parasitology Acute normobaric hyperoxia transiently attenuates plasma erythropoietin concentration in healthy males: evidence against the ‘normobaric oxygen paradox’ theory M.
E. Keramidas, S. Acta Physiologica Vol. 202(1): 91-98 Hypoxia, Erythropoietin Gene Expression, and Erythropoiesis Peter J. Erythropoietin as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatment strategy: Comprehensive overview of 12 years of preclinical and clinical research Derya Sargin, Heidi Friedrichs, Ahmed El-Kordi, and Hannelore Ehrenreich Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology Vol. 24(4): 573-594 Epo production at altitude in elite endurance athletes is not associated with the sea level hypoxic ventilatory response Robert F.