Internationals
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International Workingmen's Association
Logo first used by the Federal Council of Spain of the International Workingmen's Association.Mikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin ( Russian : Михаил Александрович Бакунин ; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ˌbaˈkunʲin] ) (30 May [ O.S. 18 May] 1814 – 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary , philosopher, and theorist of collectivist anarchism . Many scholars argue he is the founder of anarchist theory in general. [ 2 ] Bakunin grew up in Premukhino, a family estate near Moscow, where he moved to study philosophy and began to read the French encyclopédistes , leading to enthusiasm for the philosophy of Fichte .
Collectivist anarchism (also known as anarcho-collectivism ) is a revolutionary [ 1 ] doctrine that advocates the abolition of both the state and private ownership of the means of production .
Collectivist anarchism
Blanquism
Louis Auguste Blanqui In left-wing discourse, Blanquism refers to a conception of revolution generally attributed to Louis Auguste Blanqui which holds that socialist revolution should be carried out by a relatively small group of highly organised and secretive conspirators. [ 1 ] Having seized power, the revolutionaries would then use the power of the state to introduce socialism . It is considered a particular sort of 'putschism' - that is, the view that political revolution should take the form of a putsch or coup d'état . [ 2 ] Blanquism is distinguished from other socialist currents (especially Marxist ones) in various ways; on the one hand, contrary to Marx, Blanqui did not believe in the predominant role of the working class, nor did he believe in popular movements.
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon ( French: [pjɛʁ ʒɔzɛf pʁudɔ̃] ) (15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French politician, mutualist philosopher, economist , and socialist . He was a member of the French Parliament and the first person to call himself an " anarchist ". He is considered among the most influential theorists and organizers of anarchism .
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Mutualism is an economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production , either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market . [ 1 ] Integral to the scheme was the establishment of a mutual-credit bank that would lend to producers at a minimal interest rate, just high enough to cover administration. [ 2 ] Mutualism is based on a labor theory of value that holds that when labor or its product is sold, in exchange, it ought to receive goods or services embodying "the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility". [ 3 ] Mutualism originated from the writings of philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon .
Mutualism (economic theory)
Anarcho-syndicalist flag. Anarcho-syndicalism (also referred to as revolutionary syndicalism [ 1 ] ) is a branch of anarchism which views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as an appropriate vehicle for subjugated classes in capitalist society to regain control over the course of their own destiny.
Anarcho-syndicalism
Alceste De Ambris (15 September 1874–9 December 1934), was an Italian syndicalist , the brother of Amilcare De Ambris . De Ambris had a major part to play in the agrarian strike actions of 1908.
Alceste De Ambris
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx ( German pronunciation: [kaːɐ̯l ˈhaɪnʀɪç ˈmaːɐ̯ks] , 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a Prussian - German philosopher and revolutionary socialist . His ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement. Marx's work in economics laid the basis for our understanding of labor and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894).The Communist Manifesto
The Communist Manifesto ( Das Kommunistische Manifest ), originally titled Manifesto of the Communist Party ( German : Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei ), is a short 1848 publication written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . It has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. [ 1 ] Commissioned by the Communist League , it laid out the League's purposes and program.Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry based upon a materialist interpretation of historical development , a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis of class-relations within society and their application in the analysis and critique of the development of capitalism . In the mid-to-late 19th century, the intellectual development of Marxism was pioneered by two German philosophers , Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Marxist analyses and methodologies have influenced multiple political ideologies and social movements throughout history.
Marxism
Edward Spencer Beesly
Edward Spencer Beesly (1831–1915), positivist and historian, was born on 23 January 1831 in Feckenham, Worcestershire , the eldest son of the Revd James Beesly and his wife, Emily Fitzgerald, of Queen's county, Ireland. After reading Latin and Greek with his father, in the autumn of 1846 he was sent to King William's College on the Isle of Man, an evangelical establishment whose inadequate instruction and low moral tone were later depicted in Eric, or, Little by Little , by his school friend F. W.Owenism is the utopian socialist philosophy of 19th century social reformer Robert Owen and his followers and successors, who are known as Owenites . Owenism aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement . [ 1 ] The Owenite movement undertook several experiments in establishment of utopian communities organized according to communitarian and cooperative principles. [ 1 ] One of the best known of these efforts, which were largely unsuccessful, was the project at New Harmony, Indiana , which started in 1825 and was abandoned by 1829.