MINATEC. Nanoforum. Nano CNRS. Wikinanotechnologies. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Les nanotechnologies bénéficient de plusieurs milliards de dollars en recherche et développement[8]. L'Europe a accordé 1,3 milliard d’euros pendant la période 2002-2006[9]. Certains organismes prétendent que le marché mondial annuel sera de l’ordre de 1 000 milliards de dollars américains dès 2015.
Historique[modifier | modifier le code] Vision de Feynman[modifier | modifier le code] Dans son discours donné le 29 décembre 1959 à la Société américaine de physique, Richard Feynman évoque un domaine de recherche possible alors inexploré : l'infiniment petit; Feynman envisage un aspect de la physique « dans lequel peu de choses ont été faites, et dans lequel beaucoup reste à faire[10] ». Se fondant sur la taille minuscule des atomes, il considère comme possible d'écrire de grandes quantités d'informations sur de très petites surfaces : « Pourquoi ne pourrions-nous pas écrire l'intégralité de l'Encyclopædia Britannica sur une tête d'épingle ?
Nanowire. A nanowire is a nanostructure, with the diameter of the order of a nanometer (10−9 meters). It can also be defined as the ratio of the length to width being greater than 20. Alternatively, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length. At these scales, quantum mechanical effects are important — which coined the term "quantum wires".
Many different types of nanowires exist, including metallic (e.g., Ni, Pt, Au), semiconducting (e.g., Si, InP, GaN, etc.), and insulating (e.g., SiO2, TiO2). Molecular nanowires are composed of repeating molecular units either organic (e.g. DNA) or inorganic (e.g. Mo6S9-xIx). The nanowires could be used, in the near future, to link tiny components into extremely small circuits. Overview[edit] Typical nanowires exhibit aspect ratios (length-to-width ratio) of 1000 or more. Synthesis of nanowires[edit] Suspension[edit] VLS Growth[edit] Solution-phase synthesis[edit] Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology[1][2] referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology.
A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter that occur below the given size threshold.
Origins[edit] Comparison of Nanomaterials Sizes. Portal:Nanotechnology.