study habits
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Um estudo recentemente publicado em janeiro de 2013 na revista científica Psychological Science in the Public Interest avaliou dez técnicas comuns de aprendizagem para classificar quais possuem de fato a melhor utilidade. O resultado do paper ( íntegra aqui ) traz algumas surpresas para o estudante. Técnicas bastante populares no Brasil, como resumir, grifar, utilizar mnemônicos, visualizar imagens para apreensão de textos e reler conteúdos foram classificadas como as de utilidade mais baixa.
As 10 melhores formas de estudo, segundo a ciência
TEORIA DE AUSUBEL
UnB - Maio de 1999, Departamento de Psicologia, Disciplina: Aprendizagem e Ensino, Professora: Raquel A Teoria de Ausubel prioriza a Aprendizagem Cognitiva, que é a integração do conteúdo aprendido numa edificação mental ordenada, a Estrutura Cognitiva. Essa Estrutura Cognitiva representa todo um conteúdo informacional armazenado por um indivíduo, organizado de uma certa forma em qualquer modalidade do conhecimento. O conteúdo previamente detido pelo indivíduo representa um forte influenciador do processo de aprendizagem. Novos dados serão assimilados e armazenados na razão direta da qualidade da Estrutura Cognitiva prévia do aprendiz. Esse conhecimento anterior resultará num "ponto de ancoragem" onde as novas informações irão encontrar um modo de se integrar a aquilo que o indivíduo já conhece.
Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. David Paul Ausubel ( Nova Iorque , 25 de outubro 1918 - Nova Iorque, 9 de julho de 2008 ), foi um grande psicólogo da educação estadunidense . [ editar ] Biografia Filho de família judia e pobre, imigrantes da Europa Central , cresceu insatisfeito com a educação que recebera. Revoltado contra os castigos e humilhações pelos quais passara na escola , afirma que a educação é violenta e reacionária , relatando um dos episódios que o marcou profundamente nesse período:
David Ausubel
Estratégia de estudo quinta-feira, 20 de setembro de 2012 Céditos: Divulgação Jamerson Costa Especial para o SOS Concurseiro Os mapas mentais são uma ferramenta útil na hora de aprender matérias novas, extensas ou complexas. A ideia nasceu do inglês Tony Buzan, conforme explica Viviani Bovo, coautora do livro “Mapas Mentais – Enriquecendo Inteligências” e sócia do Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Potencial Humano (IDPH), de Campinas (SP).
Mapas mentais: Imagens que ensinam
BPS Research Digest: 9 evidence-based study tips
The September issue of The Psychologist magazine is a free-to-view student special containing a feature ( pdf ) by the Research Digest editor on the journey from A-level to Undergrad psychology, including the following 9 evidence-based study tips: Adopt a growth mindset . Students who believe that intelligence and academic ability are fixed tend to stumble at the first hurdle.pqrst method
Study skills or study strategies are approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school, [ 1 ] considered essential for acquiring good grades, and useful for learning throughout one's life. There are an array of study skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining information, or dealing with assessments . They include mnemonics , which aid the retention of lists of information, effective reading and concentration techniques, [ 2 ] as well as efficient notetaking . [ 3 ] While often left up to the student and their support network, study skills are increasingly taught in High School and at the University level.
Study skills
memory
Knowledge is the essence of smart thinking. No matter how much raw intelligence you have, you are not going to succeed at solving complex problems without knowing a lot. That's why we spend the first 20 (or more) years of our lives in school. Robert Bjork and fellow PT blogger Nate Kornell have explored some of the study habits of college students in a 2007 paper in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review . Research on memory provides a number of important suggestions about the most effective ways to study.
Simple Ways To Study Better
We're Only Human...: The Science of Cramming
I went to a very nerdy college. This school was so nerdy that the “mascot” was an engineer, and at football games students would chant: “Tangent, secant, cosine, sine. Three point one four one five nine. Go Engineers!” I'm not kidding. So how is it possible that today I do not even know what a secant is?Good students don't just study harder, they study smarter. A study published this week identifies some habits of successful college students. I'll describe the new study shortly, but first: How should students study ? A growing body of cognitive psychology research emphasizes the value of two principles: Principle one is space your studying out over time . If you study something and then study it again right away, it's fresh in your mind the second time.
Study Smarter, Not Harder
Reading Efficiently by Reading Intelligently Get the most from your reading.
Reading Strategies - Learning Skills from MindTools
Método de Estudo
Muitos dos problemas de aprendizagem existentes entre os estudantes são hoje explicados pela ausência ou uso inadequado de métodos de estudo e pela inexistência de hábitos de trabalho que favoreçam a aprendizagem. Além disso, muitos jovens manifestam atitudes negativas face ao estudo, uma enorme desmotivação para as actividades escolares, dedicando-lhes muito pouco tempo. Por isso pensámos desenvolver, na nossa escola, um conjunto de iniciativas, dirigidas a alunos, professores e encarregados de educação, no sentido de ajudar os jovens a desenvolver um conjunto de competências fundamentais para uma melhor aprendizagem. Uma dessas iniciativas foi a criação, no ano lectivo de 2001/2002, da Sala de Estudo "Aprendizagem com Autonomia" , que tem como objectivo principal ajudar os alunos que a frequentam a adquirir hábitos e métodos de estudo adequados.Bjork Learning and Forgetting Lab - Research
Applying Cognitive Psychology to Enhance Educational Practice The primary goal of this research, which is funded by the James S. McDonnell foundation, is to promote learning and memory performance within educational contexts through the investigation of principles in cognitive psychology. Studies address issues of transfer-appropriate and material-appropriate processing between encoding and retrieval. Applying tests in order to enhance learning and determining the desirable amount and timing of feedback regarding an individual's memory performance are methods that are currently under investigation.Everything You Thought You Knew About Learning Is Wrong
Learning through osmosis didn't make the strategies list Taking notes during class? Topic-focused study? A consistent learning environment ? All are exactly opposite the best strategies for learning.Test-Taking Cements Knowledge Better Than Studying, Researchers Say
The research, published online Thursday in the journal Science , found that students who read a passage, then took a test asking them to recall what they had read, retained about 50 percent more of the information a week later than students who used two other methods. One of those methods — repeatedly studying the material — is familiar to legions of students who cram before exams. The other — having students draw detailed diagrams documenting what they are learning — is prized by many teachers because it forces students to make connections among facts. These other methods not only are popular, the researchers reported; they also seem to give students the illusion that they know material better than they do. In the experiments, the students were asked to predict how much they would remember a week after using one of the methods to learn the material.Mind - Research Upends Traditional Thinking on Study Habits
And check out the classroom. Does Junior’s learning style match the new teacher’s approach? Or the school’s philosophy?sq3r method