Tzolkin. The 260-day Tzolk'in, or sacred calendar, is the oldest calendar cycle known in Mesoamerica, dating back to at least 600 BC. While some scholars are still searching for an astronomical basis for this cycle, most agree it was based on the nine month human gestation period. As a testimony to the tzolk'in's centrality to Maya culture, it is still observed today among traditional Maya groups. The mechanics of the tzolk'in The mechanics of the tzolk'in involve 13 numbers paired with 20 day names. Because 20 is not evenly divisible by 13, the two sequences are out of phase with each other (Figure 1.) A day such as 3 Manik' will not recur until all the numbers and names have run through a complete 260-day cycle. For those who seek meaning in the days of the Maya calendar, the tzolk'in is where they will find it. The twenty days of the Tzolk'in (Image adapted from Voss 2000) The 260-day is very much still in use among the Maya communities of the Highlands Guatemala and Chiapas.
Maya Tzolkin : The Tzolkin. The Mayan Tzolkin Calculator | Interactive and animated mayan calendar ringsThe Mayan Calendar Portal. I Ching. The I Ching, also known as the Classic of Changes, Book of Changes, Zhouyi and Yijing, is one of the oldest of the Chinese classic texts.[1] The book contains a divination system comparable to Western geomancy or the West African Ifá system; in Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose.
Traditionally, the I Ching and its hexagrams were thought to pre-date recorded history,[2] and based on traditional Chinese accounts, its origins trace back to the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE.[3] Modern scholarship suggests that the earliest layers of the text may date from the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, but place doubts on the mythological aspects in the traditional accounts.[4] Some consider the I Ching the oldest extant book of divination, dating from 1,000 BCE and before.[5] The oldest manuscript that has been found, albeit incomplete, dates back to the Warring States period (475–221 BCE).[6] History[edit] Traditional view[edit] Modernist view[edit] Structure[edit] I Ching, the Book of Changes - Yi Jing. This famous system of 64 hexagrams plus their commentaries and transformations is at the root of Chinese thought. Tr. Wilhelm (en, fr). Extracts from the Wilhelm's I-Ching translation's introductory : « The Book of Changes – I Ching in Chinese – is unquestionably one of the most important books in the world's literature.
Its origin goes back to mythical antiquity, and it has occupied the attention of the most eminent scholars of China down to the present day [i. e. around 1920]. Nearly all that is greatest and most significant in the three thousand years of Chinese cultural history has either taken its inspiration from this book, or has exerted an influence on the interpretation of its text. Therefore it may safely be said that the seasoned wisdom of thousands of years has gone into the making of the I Ching. . « At the outset, the Book of Changes was a collection of linear signs to be used as oracles. . , and “No” by a broken line. . « These eight images came to have manifold meanings.
Bye. Foreword to the I Ching - By C. G. Jung. Forewordby Carl Gustav Jung HTML Edition by Dan Baruth Since I am not a sinologue, a foreword to the Book of Changes from my hand must be a testimonial of my individual experience with this great and singular book. It also affords me a welcome opportunity to pay tribute again to the memory of my late friend, Richard Wilhelm. He himself was profoundly aware of the cultural significance of his translation of the I Ching, a version unrivaled in the West. If the meaning of the Book of Changes were easy to grasp, the work would need no foreword. But this is far from being the case, for there is so much that is obscure about it that Western scholars have tended to dispose of it as a collection of "magic spells," either too abstruse to be intelligible, or of no value whatsoever.
I am greatly indebted to Wilhelm for the light he has thrown upon the complicated problem of the I Ching, and for insight as regards its practical application as well. I do not know Chinese and have never been in China. I Ching - The Book Of Changes. Tarot. Visconti-Sforza tarot deck. The Devil card is a 20th-century replacement for the card missing from the original 15th-century deck. François Rabelais gives tarau as the name of one of the games played by Gargantua in his Gargantua and Pantagruel;[2] this is likely the earliest attestation of the French form of the name. [citation needed] Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play card games. In English-speaking countries, where these games are largely unplayed, tarot cards are now used primarily for divinatory purposes.[1] Occultists call the trump cards and the Fool "the major arcana" while the ten pip and four court cards in each suit are called minor arcana. The cards are traced by some occult writers to ancient Egypt or the Kabbalah but there is no documented evidence of such origins or of the usage of tarot for divination before the 18th century.[1] Etymology[edit] History[edit] Early decks[edit] Le Bateleur: The Juggler from the Jean Dodal Tarot of Marseilles.
Divinatory, esoteric and occult tarot. Tarot reading is belief in using cards to gain insight into the past, current and future situations by posing a question to the cards, i.e. cartomancy. Some[who?] Believe they are guided by a spiritual force, while others[who?] Believe the cards help them tap into a collective unconscious or their own creative, brainstorming subconscious. [citation needed] The divinatory meanings of the cards commonly used today are derived mostly from cartomancer Jean-Baptiste Alliette (also known as Etteilla) and Mlle Marie-Anne Adelaide Lenormand (1776-1843).[1][2] The belief in the divinatory meaning of the cards is closely associated with a belief in their occult, divine, and mystical properties: a belief constructed in the 18th century by prominent Protestant clerics and freemasons.[3] Major and Minor Arcana[edit] Tarot decks can have the entire seventy-eight cards consisting of fourteen cards per suit plus the twenty-two trumps or consist of only the twenty-two trump cards.
History[edit] Use[edit] The Holy Mountain (1973 film) La montaña sagrada (The Holy Mountain, reissued as The Sacred Mountain) is a 1973 Mexican-American avant-garde drama film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky, who also participated as an actor, composer, set designer and costume designer on the film.[1] The film was produced by Beatles manager Allen Klein of ABKCO Music and Records, after Jodorowsky scored an underground phenomenon with El Topo and the acclaim of both John Lennon and George Harrison (Lennon and Yoko Ono put up production money). It was shown at various international film festivals in 1973, including Cannes,[2] and limited screenings in New York and San Francisco. After a confrontation with the alchemist, the thief defecates into a container. The excrement is transformed into gold by the alchemist, who proclaims: "You are excrement. You can change yourself into gold". The thief is introduced to seven people who will accompany him on his journey; they are said to be the most powerful but mortal, like himself.