Lucretia Lucretia (/lʊˈkriːʃə/; died c. 510 BC (traditionally)) is a semi-legendary figure in the history of the Roman Republic. According to the story, told mainly by two turn-of-the-millennium historians, the Roman Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus (who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus), her rape by the Etruscan king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic. The beginning of the Republic is marked by the first appearance of the two consuls elected on a yearly basis. The Romans recorded events by consular year, keeping an official list in various forms called the fasti, used by Roman historians. This list confirms that there was a Roman Republic, that it began at the beginning of the fasti, and that it supplanted a monarchy. As the events of the story move rapidly, the date of the incident is probably the same year as the first of the fasti.
James Barry James Miranda Stuart Barry (c. 1789-1799 – 25 July 1865, born Margaret Ann Bulkley), was a military surgeon in the British Army. After graduation from the University of Edinburgh Medical School, Barry served in India and Cape Town, South Africa. By the end of his career, he had risen to the rank of Inspector General in charge of military hospitals. In his travels he not only improved conditions for wounded soldiers, but also the conditions of the native inhabitants. Although Barry lived his adult life as a man, it is believed that at birth he was identified or assigned as female and named Margaret Ann Bulkley,[2] and that he chose to live as a man so that he might be accepted as a university student and able to pursue a career as a surgeon.[1] Information about Barry's early life has been rife with myth and speculation; with no contemporary records known. Portrait of James Barry, painted circa 1813-1816 In a couple of weeks he became the Medical Inspector for the colony.
Genie Genie (born 1957) is the pseudonym of a feral child who was the victim of extraordinarily severe abuse, neglect and social isolation. Her circumstances are recorded prominently in the annals of abnormal child psychology.[2] Born in Arcadia, California, United States, Genie's father kept her locked alone in a room from the age of 20 months to 13 years, 7 months, almost always strapped to a child's toilet or bound in a crib with her arms and legs completely immobilized. During this time she was never exposed to any significant amount of speech, and as a result she did not acquire a first language during childhood. Her abuse came to the attention of Los Angeles child welfare authorities on November 4, 1970.[3][4] In the first several years after Genie's life and circumstances came to light, psychologists, linguists and other scientists focused a great deal of attention on Genie's case, seeing in her near-total isolation an opportunity to study many aspects of human development.
Olga of Kiev Saint Olga (Old Church Slavonic: Ольга, hypothetically Old Norse: Helga[1] born c. 890 died 11 July 969, Kiev) was a ruler of Kievan Rus' as regent (945–c. 963) for her son, Svyatoslav. Early life[edit] Olga was a Pskov woman of Varangian extraction who married the future Igor of Kiev, arguably in 903. The Primary Chronicle gives 879 as her date of birth, which is rather unlikely, given the fact that her only son was probably born some 65 years after that date. After Igor's death, she ruled Kievan Rus as regent (945-c. 963) for their son, Svyatoslav. Drevlian Uprising[edit] The following account is taken from the Primary Chronicle. With the best and wisest men out of the way, she planned to destroy the remaining Drevlians. Now Olga gave to each soldier in her army a pigeon or a sparrow, and ordered them to attach by thread to each pigeon and sparrow a piece of sulfur bound with small pieces of cloth. Regency[edit] Christianity[edit] Princess Olga meets the body of her husband. See also[edit]
David Reimer David Peter Reimer (August 22, 1965 – May 5, 2004) was a Canadian man who was born biologically male. However, he was sexually reassigned and raised as female after his penis was accidentally destroyed during circumcision.[1] Psychologist John Money oversaw the case and reported the reassignment as successful and as evidence that gender identity is primarily learned. Academic sexologist Milton Diamond later reported that Reimer failed to identify as female since the age of 9 to 11,[2] making the transition to living as a male at age 15. Reimer later went public with his story to discourage similar medical practices. He later committed suicide, owing to suffering years of severe depression, financial instability, and a troubled marriage. History[edit] David Reimer was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They persuaded his parents that sex reassignment surgery would be in Reimer's best interest. Reimer said that Dr. Death[edit] Social legacy[edit] For the first thirty years after Dr. See also[edit]
Tarrare Baron Percy's original paper on Tarrare's medical history, Mémoire sur la polyphagie (1805) Tarrare (c. 1772 – 1798), sometimes spelled Tarare, was a French showman and soldier, noted for his unusual eating habits. Able to eat vast amounts of meat, he was constantly hungry; his parents could not provide for him, and he was turned out of the family home as a teenager. At the start of the War of the First Coalition Tarrare joined the French Revolutionary Army. General Alexandre de Beauharnais decided to put Tarrare's abilities to use, and he was employed as a courier by the French army, with the intention that he would swallow documents, pass through enemy lines, and recover them from his stool once safely at his destination. Childhood and early life[edit] Tarrare was born in rural France, near Lyon, around 1772.[1][2][note 1] His date of birth is unrecorded and it is not even known if Tarrare was his real name or a nickname. In 1788, Tarrare moved to Paris to work as a street performer.
Audrey Munson Early life[edit] Career[edit] Munson returned to New York in 1919 and was living with her mother in a boarding house owned by Dr. Walter Wilkins. Later years and death[edit] By 1920, Munson, unable to find work anywhere, returned with her mother to the town of Mexico, New York and worked for a while selling kitchen utensils door to door. In 1931, a judge ordered the 39-year-old Munson into a psychiatric facility for treatment. Fountain of the Setting Sun (1915) by Weinman Sculpture[edit] Priestess of Culture (1914) – PPIE, now in Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco Robert Ingersoll Aitken Karl Bitter Pomona or Abundance (1915) – Pulitzer Fountain in Grand Army Plaza, NYC[6]Venus de Milo ("Venus with arms") for Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Alexander Stirling Calder Star Maiden (1915) – PPIE - Court of the Universe, now in the Oakland MuseumEastern Hemisphere (1915) – PPIE - Fountain of Energy Daniel Chester French Sherry Edmundson Fry Albert Jaegers Rain (1915) – PPIEHarvest (1915) – PPIE Notes
Louis Wain Louis Wain at his drawing table[1] Louis Wain (5 August 1860 – 4 July 1939) was an English artist best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens. In his later years he may have suffered from schizophrenia (although this claim is disputed), which, according to some psychiatrists, can be seen in his works. Life and work[edit] A naturalistic cat from early in Wain's career. Louis William Wain was born on 5 August 1860 in Clerkenwell in London. Wain was born with a cleft lip and the doctor gave his parents the orders that he should not be sent to school or taught until he was ten years old. An early Louis Wain caricature, featuring bulldogs rather than cats. Wain soon quit his teaching position to become a freelance artist, and in this role he achieved substantial success. In 1886, Wain's first drawing of anthropomorphised cats was published in the Christmas issue of the Illustrated London News, titled "A Kittens' Christmas Party". Dr. H.
Sentinelese people The Sentinelese (also Sentineli, Senteneli, Sentenelese, North Sentinel Islanders) are an indigenous people of the Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal. They inhabit North Sentinel Island, which lies westward off the southern tip of the Great Andaman archipelago. They are noted for resisting attempts at contact by outsiders. The Sentinelese are a designated Scheduled Tribe.[2] Population[edit] The precise population of the Sentinelese is not known. On previous visits, groups of some 20–40 individuals were encountered regularly. Characteristics[edit] The Sentinelese and other indigenous Andamanese peoples are frequently described as negritos, a term which has been applied to various widely separated peoples in Southeast Asia, such as the Semang of the Malay Peninsula and the Aeta of the Philippines archipelago, as well as to other peoples in Australia including former populations of Tasmania. Culture[edit] Advanced metalwork is unknown, as raw materials on the island are extremely rare.
Ötzi Ötzi (German pronunciation: [ˈœtsi] ( ); also called Ötzi the Iceman, the Similaun Man, the Man from Hauslabjoch, Homo tyrolensis, and the Hauslabjoch mummy) is a well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived around 3,300 BCE.[2][3] The mummy was found in September 1991 in the Ötztal Alps, hence Ötzi, near the Similaun mountain and Hauslabjoch on the border between Austria and Italy.[4] He is Europe's oldest known natural human mummy, and has offered an unprecedented view of Chalcolithic Europeans. His body and belongings are displayed in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. Discovery Ötzi the Iceman while still frozen in the glacier, photographed by Helmut Simon upon the discovery of the body in September 1991 46°46′45.8″N 10°50′25.1″E / 46.779389°N 10.840306°E / 46.779389; 10.840306.[7] The province of South Tyrol therefore claimed property rights, but agreed to let Innsbruck University finish its scientific examinations. Scientific analyses Body Blood
Misao Fujimura Misao Fujimura Misao Fujimura’s suicide note Misao Fujimura (藤村 操, Fujimura Misao?, July 1886 – May 22, 1903) was a Japanese philosophy student and poet, largely remembered due to his farewell poem. Biography[edit] Fujimura was born in Hokkaidō. Fujimura became distraught when rejected by Tamiko, the eldest daughter of Kikuchi Dairoku, in favor of Tatsukichi Minobe, whom she later married. Poem[edit] The poem he wrote before his suicide read: For all the truth, all creation, all secrets of yore Can be told in an instant, by then they’re no more. Ah, The Unexplainable All worries unsettled, heartache unresolved… All questions unanswered, with death, shall be solved. We already teeter, this sheer cliff so high. To end is to start; to surrender is to know. Despair and depression, together they grow. References[edit]
Olivier Levasseur Olivier Levasseur (1688 or 1690 – 7 July 1730), was a pirate, nicknamed La Buse (The Buzzard) or La Bouche (The Mouth) in his early days, called thus because of the speed and ruthlessness with which he always attacked his enemies. History[edit] Born at Calais during the Nine Years' War (1688–97) to a wealthy bourgeois family, he became a naval officer after receiving an excellent education. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), he procured a Letter of Marque from king Louis XIV and became a privateer for the French crown. When the war ended he was ordered to return home with his ship, but instead joined the Benjamin Hornigold pirate company in 1716. Levasseur proved himself a good leader and shipmate, although he already had a scar across one eye limiting his sight. After a year of successful looting, the Hornigold party split, with Levasseur deciding to try his luck on the West African coast. The treasure[edit] Alphabet of Olivier Levasseur and one to his brother: "[..]
Omayra Sánchez Omayra Sánchez Garzón (August 28, 1972 – November 16, 1985) was a 13-year-old Colombian girl killed in Armero, Tolima, by the 1985 eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano. Volcanic debris mixed with ice to form massive lahars (volcanically induced mudflows, landslides, and debris flows) that rushed into the river valleys below the mountain, killing nearly 23,000 people and destroying Armero and 13 other villages. After a lahar demolished her home, Sánchez was pinned beneath the debris of her house, where she remained trapped in water for three days. A photograph of Sánchez taken by the photojournalist Frank Fournier shortly before she died was published in news outlets around the world. Background[edit] On November 13, 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted. Formerly in the center of this area, the town of Armero was buried by thick volcanic mudflows in 1985. Life[edit] Death[edit] Her brother survived the lahars; her father and aunt died. Photograph[edit] Legacy[edit] Notes[edit]
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, c. 1488/1490/1492[1] – Seville, c. 1557/1558/1559[1]/1560[2]) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, and one of four survivors of the 1527 Narváez expedition. During eight years of traveling across the US Southwest, he became a trader and faith healer to various Native American tribes before reconnecting with Spanish colonial forces in Mexico in 1536. After returning to Spain in 1537, he wrote an account, first published in 1542 as La Relación ("The Relation", or in more modern terms "The Account"[3]), which in later editions was retitled Naufragios ("Shipwrecks"). Cabeza de Vaca has been considered notable as a proto-anthropologist for his detailed accounts of the many tribes of American Indians that he encountered. Early life and education[edit] Coat of Arms of Cabeza de Vaca from the Archivo de Indias, Sevilla, Spain. Narváez Expedition and early Indian relations[edit] Return to America[edit] Role of observer[edit] Personal report[edit]