5 Minute Introduction • What is Buddhism? Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world. The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself awakened (enlightened) at the age of 35. • Is Buddhism a Religion? To many, Buddhism goes beyond religion and is more of a philosophy or 'way of life'. (1) to lead a moral life, (2) to be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions, and (3) to develop wisdom and understanding. • How Can Buddhism Help Me? Buddhism explains a purpose to life, it explains apparent injustice and inequality around the world, and it provides a code of practice or way of life that leads to true happiness. • Why is Buddhism Becoming Popular? Buddhism is becoming popular in western countries for a number of reasons, The first good reason is Buddhism has answers to many of the problems in modern materialistic societies. • Who Was the Buddha? • Was the Buddha a God? • Do Buddhists Worship Idols?
Mission & History | About Asia Society Mission Asia Society is the leading educational organization dedicated to promoting mutual understanding and strengthening partnerships among peoples, leaders and institutions of Asia and the United States in a global context. Across the fields of arts, business, culture, education, and policy, the Society provides insight, generates ideas, and promotes collaboration to address present challenges and create a shared future. History Asia Society was founded in 1956 by John D. In 2011, Asia Society appointed its first-ever Co-Chairs on both sides of the Pacific Ocean to reflect the rise of global interdependence and growing regional partnerships. The global center of gravity is shifting toward the fast-growing economies and countries of Asia," Ms. Mr. "The institution's focus covers more than 50 countries and territories. Here's what some leading figures have said about Asia Society: "At a time when the eyes of the world are on Asia, this institution is indispensable." — The New York Times
Lecture Notes: Early Indian and Chinese Civilizations The Rise and Spread of Civilization in India and China, c. 2500 BC-AD 535 Introduction and Overview: Early Indian Civilization 1) The third of the great river valley civilizations developed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan. It flourished from about 2400 BC to about 1500 BC. 2) Shortly before its collapse, Indo-European or Aryan invaders entered the Indian sub-continent. 3) Over the course of the following centuries, these two civilizations blended and evolved, forming Indian civilization. 4) During this period, two great religious traditions — Hinduism and Buddhism — had their origins and then spread outwards. 5) Rise of Maurya and Gupta Empires. 6) Establishment of fundamental patterns of Indian civilization. Indus Valley Civilization View of Mohenjo-Daro towards the Great Bath. Street in Mohenjo-Daro with Covered Drain. Little is known about Harappan political life. Scholars can only speculate on the causes of the decline of Harappan civilization. Nature of the caste system
The Zhou Enlai Internet Archive Documents Biography On Taking Prompt Punitive Action Against Chiang Kai-Shek (April 1927) Communist Co-Operation by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (July 15, 1937) Guidelines for Myself (March 18, 1943) How to be a Good Leader (April 22, 1943) Actively Propogate Opposition to Civil War and Dictatorship and Expose Chiang Kai-Shek's Deceitful Plot (August 16, 1945) Frustrate the Enemy's Scheme for a Sham Peace Campaign (July 27, 1948) Chinese People Will Not Tolerate Aggresstion (October 1950) Letter to Prime Minister Nehru (November 7, 1959) Letter to All Government Heads (August 2, 1963) Message from Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou Enlai to Roberto Chiari, President of the Republic of Panama (January 12, 1964) Premier Zhou Enlai's Speech at the National Day Reception (September 30, 1966) Speech at the Grand Banquet Celebrating Second Anniversary of Sihanouk's Coming to China (March 19, 1972) Report on the Work of the Government (January 13, 1975) Links Related Archives
History 266: World History from the Renaissance to Imperialism--Lecture Notes Lecture Notes Developed by Lee M. Pappas and Nicholas C. J. Pappas Lecture 1: An Introduction to History. A. Lecture 2: The World in the 15th Century. A. Lecture 3: Fifteenth Century Europe: Social and Economic Changes A. Lecture 4: Fifteenth Century Europe: Cultural Changes: The Renaissance. A. Lecture 5: Sixteenth Century Europe: Cultural Changes--The Reformation. A. Lecture 6: Lecture Protestants, Catholics and the Wars of Religion. While Lutheranism was essentially sober, restrained, and moderate in nature as it spread throughout Germany and Scandinavia, the Protestant wave produced far reaching religious change in other areas in Europe. Lecture 7: The Ottoman Empire and the Muscovy. A. Lecture 8: The Expansion of Europe: Initial Phase and General effects, 1400-1600. Overview: The European discovery of America was a complete accident: a momentous piece of serendipity on the part of men who had set out to look for something else. A. Lecture 10: State Formation in Early Modern Europe.
What If China Had a Second Political Party Tomorrow? At age eighty-eight, Sidney Rittenberg has had a singularly remarkable life. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, he joined the Army, studied Chinese, and was posted to China in 1944. He stayed after the war ended and became the only American citizen to join the Chinese Communist Party. He came to know Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and other senior leaders, though it didn’t prevent him being imprisoned twice amid China’s turmoil, first in 1949, and again in 1968. I saw Rittenberg speak in Beijing yesterday, and his comments, on topics ranging from nationalism to corruption to Tibet policy, were perceptive. On the prospects for multi-party democracy: If you had a second party alternative in China now, I think it would be an anti-foreign party. On the Chinese government’s responsibility to whistleblowers who expose corruption: Protect whistleblowers, protect journalists and those who expose wrongdoing. You have to protect those who expose [wrongdoing], or talk of fighting corruption is just talk.
The Middle Ages | Feudalism Characteristics of the Feudal World Timeline The Middle Ages or medieval time is believed to have started with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 and to have lasted about 1,000 years until about 1450. The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. The end of the Middle Ages in about 1450 led to the beginning of the Renaissance. The principal features of the Renaissance were that learning became important, the lords and the church were both becoming powerful forces for change, the art world was flourishing with innovations like the development of perspective in painting and there was great advancement in science. The barbarians were prevalent in most of the European nations of the Middle Ages. It should be noted that other parts of the world were thriving in this era. The People Life was very hard in the Middle Ages. The Family Family life was governed by the place one held in society.
'The Revolutionary': An Unrequited Love For China Mao Zedong signs Sidney Rittenberg's copy of The Little Red Book during a gathering of party leaders in Beijing on May 1, 1967, at the beginning of China's Cultural Revolution. Courtesy of Sidney Rittenberg hide caption itoggle caption Courtesy of Sidney Rittenberg Sidney Rittenberg went to China as an American GI at the end of World War II and fell in love with the country. By the time Rittenberg came back to the United States, more than 30 years later, he had become one of only a few American citizens to join the Chinese Communist Party. Sidney Rittenberg exhorts a crowd in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to defend Mao Zedong Thought — or Maoism — in December 1966. Sidney Rittenberg exhorts a crowd in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to defend Mao Zedong Thought — or Maoism — in December 1966. Courtesy of Sidney Rittenberg Rittenberg saw Chinese history unfold, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the Great Leap Forward, great famines and the Cultural Revolution.
Prof. John Paul Adams Department of Modern and Classical Languages and LiteraturesCollege of Humanities OFFICE HOURS: None. "Adding to the store of human knowledge ... is one of the noblest activities of a public University." - Lee Bollinger, President, Columbia University "Universities should be safe havens where ruthless examination of realities will not be distorted by the aim to please or inhibited by the risk of displeasure." - Kingman Brewster, Jr. (1919-1988) President, Yale University (1963-1977) "I've worked in an economy that rewards someone who saves lives on a battlefield with a medal, rewards a great teacher with thank-you notes, but rewards those who can make money in securities with sums reaching into the billions. - Warren Buffet, Chair, Berkshire Hathaway "A professorship of theology should have no place in our institution."
Israel Epstein, Prominent Chinese Communist, Dies at 90 Correction Appended Israel Epstein, a journalist, author and propagandist for China whose passion for Communism was fueled in long interviews with Mao in the 1940's and was not dimmed by imprisonment during the Cultural Revolution, died last Thursday at a hospital in Beijing. He was 90. His death was announced by the official New China News Agency. Mr. He and perhaps a dozen other aging foreign-born residents of Beijing were sometimes seen as the last true believers in a revolution that has sometimes seemed blurred by time's passage and China's embrace of free markets and consumerism. In 1996, The Observer, the London newspaper, said, "Perhaps the most loyal Communists in the country today are foreigners, veteran fellow travelers from a vanished era of idealism." Mr. "My basic ideas have not changed," he told The Observer. Israel Epstein was born on April 20, 1915, in Warsaw, then under Russian control. "The earliest influence on me came from my socialist parents," Mr. Mr. Mr. In 1944, Mr.
Muhlberger's World History 美國【時代週刊】記者白修德 揭露 1942 湯恩伯 - 图说历史|国内 - 华声论坛 1943年，河南，湯恩伯與美國【時代週刊】記者白修德 Theodore Harold White 。（哈里森-福爾曼 Harrison Forman 攝）.jpg 详见：华声论坛 → 时事政治区 → 图说历史|国外 → 白修德 白修德 报道 40年代“中原大饥荒” 1942年到1943年，久旱无雨的河南发生了罕见的“中原大饥荒”，造成五百万人死亡，惨绝人寰，举世震惊。 从1941年开始，地处中原的河南就开始出现旱情，收成大减，有些地方甚至已经“绝收”，农民开始吃草根、树皮。 1943年灾区气候依然干旱，灾情进一步恶化。 最初的震惊之后，白修德开始从技术上入手搜集最低的统计数字，每天都和农民及低级官员交谈，了解更多的背景材料。 收税时实际上的野蛮和侮辱是伤心惨目的，但和收税同时进行的贪污更坏。 这些事实并不是从报章上收集得来，而是从农民嘴上收集得来的。 这时，一直在旁听他们谈话的指挥官勃然大怒，这位指挥官级别不低，是位将军。 图片均为1943年2月底至3月初，美国《纽约时报》记者福尔曼与《时代》周刊记者白修德在河南灾区实地采访时拍摄的照片 白修德（右）与《时代》杂志老板卢亨利·路思义
Info:Main Page 白修德 - 图说历史|国外 - 华声论坛 1958 白修德的父亲大卫·怀特早年住在平斯克，为犹太教士，于1891年16岁时离家出走，只身前往美国，后自学英语进入法律夜校，最后在美国东北当律师，怀特属于二代犹太移民。1915年5月6日，白修德出生在美国波士顿。1932年，白修德以优良成绩毕业于著名的波士顿拉丁学校。 在哈佛大学念书时，受到费正清的赏识，后来怀特选择研究中国，受到费正清的照顾，对此，后来白修德回忆说：“他开发我的智力，整理我的思路，并教我如何思考。”1934年白修德获得哈佛大学奖学金。 在中国第一线 1938年，白修德从哈佛大学毕业，得到拉丁文学位荣誉最优等奖励（小约瑟夫·P·肯尼迪是其同班同学），和中国历史学位，是费正清的第一个得到此学位的学生。 1943年，白修德躲过新闻审查，深入河南境内报道大饥荒，报道千百万人濒于死亡，难民已逾3百万，国民政府颗粒不振。 时代的编辑们和以白修德为代表的在外采访记者之间的摩擦始于1943年，但美国公众对此了解甚少，新闻检查很严，政府极不乐意报道它的盟国军事失利，若将中国报道成处于包围的劣势或困兽犹斗装，是更不允许的，宣传“委员长”(Gimo)是第一要务。 1944年初怀特返美休息，开始着手写作《中国的惊雷》(Thunder Out of China)。 如果《时代》有限公司执行的是绝对的、无条件支持蒋的政策，我们就极端地损害了美国千百万读者的利益，并对中国人民犯下了罪行，他们个人主要关心的问题也是如此......我们希望看您能以公正的态度，毫不偏颇地搜集事实。 回到国内 最终，白修德和贾安娜的报道并未有一字登在《时代》上，相反被编辑修改的面目全非。 麦卡锡主义兴起时，白修德称为关照对象，白修德求职十分困难，各报编辑视其为左翼分子，不敢聘用，但对白本人影响最大的是当圣路易斯《邮讯电讯报》对卢斯的采访，在采访中卢斯说他不得不开除怀特，因为他是共产党)。 专心著述 白修德在海外生活时期就拥有分析外国文化的经验，这时又通过一系列关于美国总统大选的书籍进行分析美国文化的挑战：《1960年总统的产生》（The Making of the President, 1960，1961年)）、《1964年总统的产生》（1965年）、《1968年总统的产生》（1969年）和《1972年总统的产生》（1973年）。 肯尼迪总统去世后不久，白修德获准与杰奎琳·肯尼迪单独会见。