Eugenics
While eugenic principles have been practiced as far back in world history as Ancient Greece, the modern history of eugenics began in the early 20th century when a popular eugenics movement emerged in Britain[8] and spread to many countries, including the United States and most European countries. In this period, eugenic ideas were espoused across the political spectrum. Consequently, many countries adopted eugenic policies meant to improve the genetic stock of their countries. Such programs often included both "positive" measures, such as encouraging individuals deemed particularly "fit" to reproduce, and "negative" measures such as marriage prohibitions and forced sterilization of people deemed unfit for reproduction. A major critique of eugenics policies is that regardless of whether "negative" or "positive" policies are used, they are vulnerable to abuse because the criteria of selection are determined by whichever group is in political power. History[edit] Meanings and types[edit]
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Eugenics in the United States
Eugenics, the set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population,[2][3] played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century.[4] The cause became increasingly promoted by intellectuals of the Progressive Era.[5][6] While ostensibly about improving genetic quality, it has been argued that eugenics was more about preserving the position of the dominant groups in the population. History Early proponents The American eugenics movement received extensive funding from various corporate foundations including the Carnegie Institution, Rockefeller Foundation, and the Harriman railroad fortune.[15] In 1906, J.H. By 1910, there was a large and dynamic network of scientists, reformers, and professionals engaged in national eugenics projects and actively promoting eugenic legislation. Several feminist reformers advocated an agenda of eugenic legal reform. Immigration restrictions
American Eugenics Society
The American Eugenics Society (AES) was a society established in 1922 to promote eugenics in the United States. It was the result of the Second International Conference on Eugenics (New York, 1921). The founders included Madison Grant, Harry H. Laughlin, Irving Fisher, Henry Fairfield Osborn, and Henry Crampton. The organization started by promoting racial betterment, eugenic health, and genetic education through public lectures, exhibits at county fairs etc. Under the direction of Frederick Osborn the society started to place greater focus on issues of population control, genetics, and, later, medical genetics. Prominent founders[edit] American Eugenics Society : Leon Whitney was the executive secretary The prominent list of original founders of sponsors of The American Eugenics Society each had some direct relationship with either Wickliffe Draper of The Pioneer Fund or Andrew Preston founder of The Boston Fruit Company, later United Fruit in New Orleans, LA: J. Mrs. Dorothy H. Leon F.
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Genetics
Genetics includes the study of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring. The topics of genetics vary and are constantly changing as we learn more about the genome and how we are influenced by our genes. Inheritance Mendel & Inheritance – powerpoint presentation covering basics of genetics Simple Genetics Practice – using mendelian genetics and punnett squares Genetic Crosses with two traits – basic crosses, uses Punnet squaresGenetic Crosses with two traits II – basic crossses, uses Punnett squaresDihybrid Crosses in Guinea Pigs (pdf) – step through on how to do a 4×4 punnett square Codominance & Incomplete Dominance – basic crosses involving codominance X-Linked Traits – practice crosses that involve sex-linkage, mainly in fruitflies The Genetics of Blood Disorders – a worksheet with genetics problems that relate to specific disorders: sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, and Von Willebrand disease. Human Genetics Presentation Chromosomes Modeling Chromosomal Inheritance
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Eugenics Archive
Sterilization Laws Based on a task force recommendation, the North Carolina legislature is considering paying $50,000 to living individuals sterilized by the state against their will or without their knowledge. North Carolina reportedly sterilized 7,600 individuals between 1929 and 1974. Date on which each State inaugurated its eugenical sterilization law (view in Eugenics Archive) In 1914, eugenicist Harry Laughlin published a Model Eugenical Sterilization Law that proposed to authorize More > IQ Tests as a Measure of Intelligence Many of the old theories relating to eugenics were tied deeply to intelligence levels as predicted by IQ tests. Before we can measure something, intelligence in this case, we must define it. the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations. also: the skilled use of More > Eugenics Word of the Day: Miscegenation Recent news has again brought eugenics into present day politics. Almost More > Designer Babies and Fitter Families
