Middle French
Middle French (French: le moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the 14th to the early 17th centuries.[2] It is a period of transition during which: the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l’ancien français)the French language was imposed as the official language of the kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languagesthe literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries. History[edit] The most important change found in Middle French is the complete disappearance of the noun declension system (already underway for centuries). There is no longer a distinction between nominative and oblique forms of nouns, and plurals are indicated simply with an s. Literature[edit] Notes[edit] References[edit]
Ontic#:~:text=From%20Wikipedia%2C%20the%20free%20encyclopedia,%2C%20real%2C%20or%20factual%20existence
In philosophical ontology, ontic (from the Greek ὄν, genitive ὄντος: "of that which is") is physical, real, or factual existence. Overview[edit] "Ontic" describes what is there, as opposed to the nature or properties of that being. To illustrate: Philosophy of science[edit] In Philosophy of science, "ontic" is primarily used in debates over the nature of explanation and about structural realism. Harald Atmanspacher suggests that accurate claims about "ontic states describe all properties of a physical system exhaustively. In an earlier paper, Atmanspacher portrays the difference between an epistemic perspective of a system, and an ontic perspective: Philosophical discourse traditionally distinguishes between ontology and epistemology and generally enforces this distinction by keeping the two subject areas separated. Critical realism[edit] "I differentiate the 'ontic' ('ontical' etc.) from the 'ontological'. Some[who?] See also[edit] References[edit] Sources[edit] Atmanspacher, Dr.
Discipline
To think good thoughts requires effort. This is one of the things that discipline – training – is about. Use of the word discipline[edit] Children being educated to use public litter bins is a form of disciplinary education that is expected by some societies. Discipline is a moral obligation among many groups of people. In the military, discipline regards the efforts made by superiors to punish the serviceperson. History[edit] Disciplinarians have been involved in many societies throughout history. Common Techniques[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Grote, Dick (2006).
en.m.wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia German lawyer, writer, and philosopher (1835–1897) Hans Ludwig David Paul, Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (1 April 1835 – 12 September 1897) was a German lawyer, writer, and philosopher. Life[edit] Graf (Count) Yorck was descended from the Prussian general Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg. After graduating from high school in 1854 in Breslau, Yorck enrolled at the University of Bonn, where he studied law and philosophy. In Berlin he married, on 3 October 1860, Luise von Wildenbruch (1838-1918), niece of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia and the older sister of the writer Ernst von Wildenbruch (1845-1909). He moved to Potsdam in 1861, where he took the exam to become an assessor. In the late 1870s, he met Wilhelm Dilthey, with whom he became friends and correspondent for over twenty years (1877-1897) on philosophical subjects. Publications[edit] Further reading[edit] External links[edit] Farin, Ingo. References[edit]
José Saramago
More than two million copies of Saramago's books have been sold in Portugal alone and his work has been translated into 25 languages.[4][5] A proponent of libertarian communism,[6] Saramago criticized institutions such as the Catholic Church, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund. An atheist, he defended love as an instrument to improve the human condition. In 1992, the Government of Portugal under Prime Minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva ordered the removal of The Gospel According to Jesus Christ from the Aristeion Prize's shortlist, claiming the work was religiously offensive. Disheartened by this political censorship of his work,[7] Saramago went into exile on the Spanish island of Lanzarote, upon which he resided until his death in 2010.[8][9] Saramago was a founding member of the National Front for the Defense of Culture in Lisbon in 1992, and co-founder with Orhan Pamuk, of the European Writers' Parliament (EWP). Early and middle life[edit] Death and funeral[edit]
plato.stanford
1. Yorck's Life Count Paul Yorck von Wartenburg was born in Berlin on March 1, 1835. His grandfather was the famous Field Marshal Hans David Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg. (The Field Marshal's courageous signing of the Convention of Tauroggen, originally unauthorized by the king and thus in effect treasonous, started the Prussian War of Liberation against Napoleon in 1813. It made the Field Marshal Yorck a national hero.) In 1855 Paul Yorck began his university studies in law at Bonn, but soon moved to the university at Breslau where he also enrolled in philosophy courses. In the same year Yorck met Dilthey, who had been called to the University at Breslau. From the early 1890s Yorck worked on a manuscript on Heraclitus (Yorck 1896/97) and a book about the Stances of Consciousness and History (Yorck 1892–1897).[1] Before his death, Yorck declared the two works unfinished and not ready for publication. 2. In 1892 Yorck writes to Dilthey: Our time portends something of an end of an epoch.
Michel Onfray
French writer and philosopher (born 1959) Onfray is often regarded as being left-wing;[4][5] however, some observers have stated that he harbours right-wing tendencies.[6][7][8][9] He has become appreciated by some far-right circles, notably with his sovereignist magazine Front populaire.[10][11] Life[edit] Born in Argentan to a family of Norman farmers, Onfray was sent to a weekly Catholic boarding school in Giel from ages 10 to 14.[12] This was a solution many parents in France adopted at the time when they lived far from the village school or had working hours that made it too hard or too expensive to transport their children to and from school daily. His book Le crépuscule d'une idole : L'affabulation freudienne (The Twilight of an Idol: The Freudian Confabulation), published in 2010, has been the subject of considerable controversy in France because of its criticism of Sigmund Freud. Philosophy[edit] Onfray writes that there is no philosophy without self-psychoanalysis. Hedonism[edit]
www.britannica
Johann Yorck, count von Wartenburg, Yorck also spelled York, Johann also rendered Hans, (born Sept. 26, 1759, Potsdam, Prussia [now in Germany]—died Oct. 4, 1830, Klein-Öls, Silesia [now Oleśnica, Pol.]), Prussian field marshal, reformer, and successful commander during the Wars of Liberation (1813–15) against France. His initiative in signing a separate neutrality agreement with Russia during the Napoleonic invasion of that country (Convention of Tauroggen, 1812) opened the way for Prussia to join the Allied powers against Napoleon. Yorck entered the Prussian army in 1772 but was cashiered for disobedience in 1779. Joining the Dutch army, he served mainly in the Dutch East Indies, where he became familiar with skirmish warfare and open battle formations. After reinstatement in the Prussian army (1787), he fought in Poland (1794) and successfully commanded the rear guard after Napoleon’s rout of the Prussian army at Jena (October 1806).
