Poland

Poland i/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi),[7] making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people,[7] Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world,[9] the sixth most populous member of the European Union, and the most populous post-communist member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions. Two decades later, in September 1939, World War II started with the invasions of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (as part of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact). Etymology History Prehistory Piast dynasty Related: Europe, and Its History

Jews in the Middle Ages The history of Jews in the Middle Ages spans the timeframe of approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE. This article covers the medieval history of Jews in the Christian-dominated Western European region. See the History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire for Eastern Europe. From the fall of Rome to the Late Middle Ages (500-1500)[edit] Historically, Jews are believed to have originated from the Israelite tribes of the Land of Israel.[1][2][3][4] Their first migration to Europe began when large amounts of them moved to Italy, France, and Germany in the early 4th century.[5][6][7] Afterwards, due to various pogroms that took place during the early Middle Ages, they fled mostly to Poland and Lithuania, and from there spread over the rest of Eastern Europe.[8][9] These European Jews later came to be known as Ashkenazi Jews. In 610, Visigothic ruler Sesbut prohibited Judaism after several anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, exiling Jews return to Byzantine Spain under Sesbut's successor.

Gazetteer of Sixteenth Century Florence FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Gazetteer of Sixteenth Century Florence home information object index index of streets, etc grid map full map Grid Map of Numbered Squares hide grid Brown University | STG Copyright: R. Mieszko I of Poland Mieszko I ( The first historical ruler of Poland, Mieszko I is considered the de facto creator of the Polish state. He continued the policy of both his father and grandfather, who were rulers of the pagan tribes located in the area of present Greater Poland. Mieszko I's marriage in 965 to the Czech Přemyslid princess Dobrawa and his baptism in 966 put him and his country in the cultural sphere of Western Christianity. According to existing sources, Mieszko I was a wise politician, a talented military leader and charismatic ruler. Mieszko I also enigmatically appeared as "Dagome" in a papal document dating to about 1085, called Dagome iudex, which mentions a gift or dedication of Mieszko's land to the Pope (the act took place almost a hundred years earlier). Date of birth[edit] There is no certain information on Mieszko I's life before he took control over his lands. Origin and meaning of his name[edit] There are three major theories concerning the origin and meaning of Mieszko I's name.

Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche - Wikipedia, the Friedrich Nietzsche's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. By 1937, this led Georges Bataille to argue against any "instrumentalization" of Nietzsche's thought, paradoxically as a social-anarchist himself; Bataille the passionate, determined socialist anti-Fascist felt that any simple-minded interpretation or unified ideological characterization of Nietzsche's work granting predominance to any particular aspect failed to do justice to the body of his work as a whole.[1] Beginning while Nietzsche was still alive, though incapacitated by mental illness, many Germans discovered his appeals for greater heroic individualism and personality development in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, but responded to those appeals in diverging ways. Nietzsche and anarchism[edit] Nietzsche and Zionism[edit] Francis R.

Welkom op de HisGIS site! — HisGIS Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385) The Kingdom of Poland (Polish Królestwo Polskie [kruˈlɛstfɔ ˈpɔlskʲɛ]; Latin Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Bolesław I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in 1385. Coronation of the first King of Poland in 1001 The basis for the development of a Polish state was laid by the Piast dynasty, which had been preeminent since the 10th century. The conversion of Duke Mieszko I to Christianity paved the way for Poland to become a member of the family of Christian kingdoms. In 1000, during the Congress of Gniezno, Poland was recognized as a state by the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope. In 1025, Duke Boleslaus I the Brave was crowned King of Poland, marking the starting date for a Polish Kingdom, though for long years the Poles were ruled not by Kings but by Dukes. The King ruled the country in his own responsibility but was expected to respect traditional customs of the people.

Jewish history Time periods in Jewish history[edit] The history of the Jews and Judaism can be divided into five periods: (1) ancient Israel before Judaism, from the beginnings to 586 BCE; (2) the beginning of Judaism in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE; (3) the formation of rabbinic Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE; (4) the age of rabbinic Judaism, from the ascension of Christianity to political power under the emperor Constantine the Great in 312 CE to the end of the political hegemony of Christianity in the 18th century; and (5), the age of diverse Judaisms, from the French and American Revolutions to the present. Ancient Jewish history (c. 1500 BCE – 63 BCE)[edit] Israel's history in a graphic content Ancient Israelites (to 586 BCE)[edit] Kingdoms of Israel and Judah in 926 BCE The history of the early Jews, and their neighbors, is mainly that of the Fertile Crescent and east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Babylonian captivity (c. 587 – 518 BCE)[edit]

Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies - DECIMA: The Digitally Encoded Census Information and Mapping Archive, and the Project for a Geo-Spatial and Sensory Digital Map of Renaissance Florence Find using OpenURL DECIMA: The Digitally Encoded Census Information and Mapping Archive, and the Project for a Geo-Spatial and Sensory Digital Map of Renaissance Florence In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: A project at the University of Toronto, with funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC), is developing a mapping tool that will allow for the spatial organization of early modern historical, cultural, and sensory materials. DECIMA's project to create a digital map of Renaissance Florence integrates two sets of sources, one visual and one manuscript-based. The major text source for the DECIMA project is a 1561-62 tax census of Florence called the "Decima Granducale." Incorrect username or password. Please select your institution to authenticate with Shibboleth.

Bolesław I Chrobry Bolesław I Chrobry (Bolesław I the Valiant, or the Brave; Czech: Boleslav Chrabrý; Polish ; 967 – 17 June 1025; previously also known as Bolesław I the Great, "Wielki"), was a Duke of Poland during 992–1025 and the first crowned King of Poland since 18 April 1025 until his death two months later. He also ruled was also Duke of Bohemia as Boleslav IV during 1002–03. He was the first-born son of Mieszko I by his first wife Dobrawa, daughter of Boleslav I the Cruel, Duke of Bohemia.[1][2] Bolesław I the Brave was named after his maternal grandfather. He assumed the control over the country in 992 after having expelled his step-mother Oda of Haldensleben and his half-brothers. He supported the missionary views of Adalbert, Bishop of Prague and Bruno of Querfurt. Bolesław I was a remarkable politician, strategist, and statesman. Finally, as the culmination of his reign, he had himself crowned King of Poland (1025), the first Polish ruler to do so. Life[edit] Youth[edit] Accession[edit]