Types of research methods and disciplines A dissertation is an extended piece of writing based on comprehensive reading and research, written by an academic scholar at an undergraduate, masters or post graduate level. In some cases, a dissertation is referred to an academic research document written at PhD level, while a Thesis may be one which is written by an academic at Masters or Undergraduate level. However the opposite is also true in other cases. Etymology[edit] The word ‘dissertation’ was derived from the Latin word dissertātiō which means ‘discourse’ or ‘path. Types of Research[edit] There are two types of research which can be done to develop a thesis or dissertation: Practical Research: The practical approach consists of the empirical study of the topic under research and chiefly consists of hands on approach. Types of Research Method[edit] Descriptive/Qualitative[edit] This type of research methods involve describing in details specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and observations.[3] [edit]
Conformity Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms.[1] Norms are implicit, unsaid rules, shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others. This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or society as a whole, and may result from subtle unconscious influences, or direct and overt social pressure. Conformity can occur in the presence of others, or when an individual is alone. For example, people tend to follow social norms when eating or watching television, even when alone. People often conform from a desire for security within a group—typically a group of a similar age, culture, religion, or educational status. Although peer pressure may manifest negatively, conformity can have good or bad effects depending on the situation. As conformity is a group phenomenon, factors such as group size, unanimity, cohesion, status, prior commitment, and public opinion help determine the level of conformity an individual displays. Age[edit]
Global Issues : social, political, economic and environmental issues that affect us all Meta-analysis In statistics, meta-analysis comprises statistical methods for contrasting and combining results from different studies, in the hope of identifying patterns among study results, sources of disagreement among those results, or other interesting relationships that may come to light in the context of multiple studies.[1] Meta-analysis can be thought of as "conducting research about previous research." In its simplest form, meta-analysis is done by identifying a common statistical measure that is shared between studies, such as effect size or p-value, and calculating a weighted average of that common measure. This weighting is usually related to the sample sizes of the individual studies, although it can also include other factors, such as study quality. The motivation of a meta-analysis is to aggregate information in order to achieve a higher statistical power for the measure of interest, as opposed to a less precise measure derived from a single study. History[edit] Advantages[edit] [edit]
Group polarization Overview[edit] Group polarization is the phenomenon that when placed in group situations, people will make decisions and form opinions to more of an extreme than when they are in individual situations. The phenomenon has shown that after participating in a discussion group, members tend to advocate more extreme positions and call for riskier courses of action than individuals who did not participate in any such discussion.[3] This phenomenon was originally coined risky shift but was found to apply to more than risk, so the replacement term choice shift has been suggested.[4] The importance of group polarization is significant as it helps explain group behavior in a variety of real-life situations. Examples of these situations include public policy, terrorism, college life, and violence. History and origins[edit] In early studies, the risky-shift phenomenon was measured using a scale known as the Choice-Dilemmas Questionnaire. “Mr. ____Place a check here if you think Mr. Controversy[edit]
Malaysia Malaysia ( i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in politics. Etymology "Malaysia" used as a label for the Malay Archipelago on a 1914 map from a United States atlas Before the onset of European colonization, the Malay peninsula was known natively as Tanah Melayu ('Malay Land').[25][26] Under the racial classification created by European scholars the natives of Maritime Southeast Asia were grouped into a single category, the Malay race. History
Scientometrics Scientometrics is the study of measuring and analysing science research. In practice, scientometrics is often done using bibliometrics which is a measurement of the impact of (scientific) publications. Modern scientometrics is mostly based on the work of Derek J. de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield. See also[edit] Further reading[edit] Derek J. de Solla Price, Little Science, Big Science (New York, 1963)G. External links[edit]
Social comparison theory Social comparison theory was initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954.[1] Social comparison theory is centered on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations. The theory explains how individuals evaluate their own opinions and abilities by comparing themselves to others in order to reduce uncertainty in these domains, and learn how to define the self. Following the initial theory, research began to focus on social comparison as a way of self-enhancement,[2][3] introducing the concepts of downward and upward comparisons and expanding the motivations of social comparisons.[4] Initial framework[edit] In the initial theory, Festinger provided nine main hypotheses. Theoretical advances[edit] Since its inception, the initial framework has undergone several advances. Self-evaluation and self-enhancement[edit] Upward and downward social comparisons[edit] Competitiveness[edit] Social status[edit] Proximity to a standard[edit]
Mapping The World Grid MAPPING THE WORLD GRID by David Hatcher Childress What is the World Grid? How can it be it mapped? What does it do? Why should we be concerned about it? In my many travels around the world in search of lost cities and ancient mysteries I have often wondered if there was some link connecting many of the ancient megalithic sites. Are megalithic sites laid out on a grid? In other words, we are speaking about an intelligent geometric pattern into which, theoretically, the Earth and its energies are organized - and possibly in which the ubiquitous ancient megalithic sites are also positioned. What we are speaking of is fundamentally different from longitudinal and latitudinal lines that we are so familiar with from conventional geography. However the familiar image of the Earth as a globe girded in a lattice of longitude and latitude lines helps us understand what an Earth Grid, based on more primary energy lines, might be like. This subject will be discussed in the book. Planetary Grid R. S.
Domain analysis In software engineering, domain analysis, or product line analysis, is the process of analyzing related software systems in a domain to find their common and variable parts. It is a model of wider business context for the system. The term was coined in the early 1980s by James Neighbors.[1][2] Domain analysis is the first phase of domain engineering. Domain analysis produces domain models using methodologies such as domain specific languages, feature tables, facet tables, facet templates, and generic architectures, which describe all of the systems in a domain. The products, or "artifacts", of a domain analysis are sometimes object-oriented models (e.g. represented with the Unified Modeling Language (UML)) or data models represented with entity-relationship diagrams (ERD). In information science, the term "domain analysis" was suggested in 1995 by Birger Hjørland and H. Domain analysis techniques[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Neighbors, J.M. See also[edit]