Doornkloof – the humble home of Jan Smuts, father of holism Smuts was twice Prime Minister of the then Union of South Africa, the second time during the trying years of World War II, when he was simultaneously contributing to the war effort of the allies and fending off those in South Africa who were against the war effort and wanting to support Hitler against the “English”. Born on a farm in Malmesbury in the then Cape Colony on 24 May 1870, he only started going to school at the age of 12 when his older brother died. His formidable intellect and self-discipline ensured that he caught up to his fellows within four years and went on to University at the age of 16. He graduated with double firsts in literature and science, gaining him access to a scholarship which enabled him to go to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he read law and wrote a book on Walt Whitman called Walt Whitman: A Study in the Evolution of Personality which was, for various reasons, not published until 1973.
Spiritual ecology - Wikipedia Introduction[edit] Contributors in the field of Spiritual Ecology contend there are spiritual elements at the root of environmental issues. Those working in the arena of Spiritual Ecology further suggest that there is a critical need to recognize and address the spiritual dynamics at the root of environmental degradation.[citation needed] The field is largely emerging through three individual streams of formal study and activity: science and academia, religion and spirituality, and ecological sustainability.[1] Despite the disparate arenas of study and practice, the principles of spiritual ecology are simple: In order to resolve such environmental issues as depletion of species, global warming, and over-consumption, humanity must examine and reassess our underlying attitudes and beliefs about the earth, and our spiritual responsibilities toward the planet.[2] U.S. History[edit] During the modern age, reason became valued over faith, tradition, and revelation. Indigenous wisdom[edit]
George Lakoff George P. Lakoff (/ˈleɪkɒf/, born May 24, 1941) is an American cognitive linguist, best known for his thesis that lives of individuals are significantly influenced by the central metaphors they use to explain complex phenomena. The more general theory that elaborated his thesis is known as embodied mind. He is professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1972. Work[edit] [edit] Although some of Lakoff's research involves questions traditionally pursued by linguists, such as the conditions under which a certain linguistic construction is grammatically viable, he is most famous for his reappraisal of the role that metaphors play in socio-political lives of humans. Metaphor has been seen within the Western scientific tradition as purely a linguistic construction. He suggested that: "Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature." Linguistics wars[edit] Embodied mind[edit]
Category:Holism English: Holism is the idea that all the properties of a given system (biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts alone. Instead, the system as a whole determines in an important way how the parts behave. <nowiki>holismo; 整體主義; holisztika; Heildarhyggja; Holismo; Holismu; холизм; Holismus; Холизам; 整全觀; Holisme; holizm; ホーリズム; Holismo; Dhammaystiran; Holism; הוליזם; Holismus; 整全觀; 整全观; 전체론; Holismo; holismus; முழுதளாவியம்; olismo; holisme; 整全觀; Holism; 整全观; Toto; Holismo; Holizam; holisme; Holizmus; holismo; Холизам; Holisms; Holisme; Холизам; халізм; Holismo; Holismi; 整全观; holisme; Holizm; holisme; 整全觀; Holizmas; کلنگری; holisme; Հոլիզմ; holism; كلانية; ολισμός; Холізм; posizione teorica; courant de pensée; iden att helheten är större en delarna; Osotasun baten osagaiak edo zatiak delako osotasunarekiko erlazioan soilik existitzen direla eta uler daitezkeela baieztatzen duen teoria.
Ideal observer theory The main idea [of the ideal observer theory] is that ethical terms should be defined after the pattern of the following example: "x is better than y" means "If anyone were, in respect of x and y, fully informed and vividly imaginative, impartial, in a calm frame of mind and otherwise normal, he would prefer x to y.[1] Adam Smith and David Hume espoused versions of the ideal observer theory. Roderick Firth laid out a more sophisticated modern version.[3] According to Firth, an ideal observer has the following specific characteristics: omniscience with respect to nonmoral facts, omnipercipience, disinterestedness, dispassionateness, consistency, and normalcy in all other respects. Those using the ideal observer theory do not usually assert that ideal observers actually exist. References[edit] External links[edit] Impartiality in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Hylozoism - Wikipedia Philosophical doctrine which holds that all matter is alive Hylozoism is the philosophical doctrine according to which all matter is alive or animated,[1] either in itself or as participating in the action of a superior principle, usually the world-soul (anima mundi).[2] The theory holds that matter is unified with life or spiritual activity.[3] The word is a 17th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη (hyle: "wood, matter") and ζωή (zoē: "life"), which was coined by the English Platonist philosopher Ralph Cudworth in 1678. Hylozoism in Ancient Greek Philosophy[edit] Hylozoism in Western philosophy can be traced back to ancient Greece. Though hylozoism was common in ancient Greek thought, the term had not been coined yet. Renaissance period and early modernity[edit] During the Renaissance period in Western Europe, humanist scholars and philosophers such as Bernardino Telesio, Paracelsus, Cardanus, and Giordano Bruno revived the doctrine of hylozoism. Contemporary hylozoism[edit]
Metafor Se gränssnittsmetafor för motsvarande begrepp i datorers gränssnitt. En av metaforens viktigaste funktioner är att den främjar språkets nyskapande och spelar en roll för tänkande och begreppsbildning. Metaforer vidgar språkets uttryckssregister. De dolda metaforernas motsats är öppna metaforer. Besläktade stilfigurer[redigera | redigera wikitext] Metaforen är besläktad med andra stilfigurer så som katakresen, allegorin och liknelsen. Exempel[redigera | redigera wikitext] Metaforen skiljer sig från liknelsen på så vis att den enbart består av en bild och det som bilden betecknar, utan något jämförelseled (till exempel ordet "som"). ”Livet är (som) en sjöresa”. Om liknelsen utvidgas så att bildledet blir en berättelse får vi en allegori, som alltså är en förlängd metafor där man säger ett men menar något annat. ”Vårt liv rör sig mot ett fjärran mål genom storm och stiltje. I den rena metaforen (bilden) finns bara bildledet utsatt. ”Livets höst”. Relaterade topiker[redigera | redigera wikitext]
Category:Holism The main article for this category is Holism. Holism is the idea that all the properties of a given system (biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its component parts alone. Instead, the system as a whole determines in an important way how the parts behave. Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. Pages in category "Holism" The following 49 pages are in this category, out of 49 total.
Health web science Health Web Science (HWS) is a sub-discipline of Web Science that examines the interplay between health sciences, health and well-being, and the World Wide Web. It assumes that each domain influences the others. HWS thus complements and overlaps with Medicine 2.0 (medicine enabled by emerging technologies).[1] Research has uncovered emergent properties that arise as individuals interact with each other, with healthcare providers and with the Web itself. History[edit] HWS began at the Web Science Curriculum meeting in the summer of 2010 at the University of Southampton where approximately forty scholars came together to discuss the subject. The dialogue to more precisely define HWS as a sub-discipline of Web Science began among Web-oriented investigators at the 2012 Medicine 2.0 Conference[4][5] and was formalized in 2013.[6] This nascent discipline of Health Web Science is further described and developed in the monograph "Health Web Science".[7] Health web observatory[edit] References[edit]
Stigmergy Kind people have stigmergically translated this article into German, French, and Spanish. This article is part of a series now incorporated into : ‘Binding Chaos’. Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an action stimulates the performance of a next action, by the same or a different agent. In that way, subsequent actions tend to reinforce and build on each other, leading to the spontaneous emergence of coherent, apparently systematic activity. A personality based system can never allow for mass collaboration on a global scale without representation such as that seen in organizations like the United Nations. Currently, the typical response to a situation which requires an action is to create a noun, in the form of a committee, commission, organization, corporation, ngo, government body, etc. Most systems are now run by competitive organizations. Hierarchical System Consensus Hierarchy Stigmergy
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Holism is sometimes seen as being the opposite of reductionism. Reductionism argues that the way of solving a large problem is to define it as a series of smaller problems which may be solved separately and the sum of the solutions will represent the solution of the larger problem. Holism asserts that some problems are not amenable to reductionist approaches and these need to be studied or researched in a different way. A holistic orientated researcher will also argue that if a research problem is reduced to smaller problems than a simple summation of the findings of the smaller solutions may not adequately answer the greater or larger problem.
Found in: 2013 - (Remenyi) Case Study Research: The Quick Guide Series by raviii Apr 26