Siamo tutti universalisti, con noi stessi - La Chiave di Sophia Uno dei fenomeni sociali più importanti, se non il più importante, con cui ci confrontiamo oggi e che le prossime generazioni studieranno sui libri di storia, è quello delle migrazioni di massa. È un tema estremamente complesso da affrontare e sul quale esiste una nutrita bibliografia internazionale; a tal proposito si potrebbe iniziare ad approcciarlo tramite il libro di J. Carens, Ethics of Immigration, 2013, già un classico in materia, o quello di E. Greblo, Etica dell’immigrazione, 2015, densa introduzione al dibattito internazionale. Non è mia intenzione in questa sede riassumere i termini del tema e del dibattito intorno ad esso, per farlo anche solo maniera sintetica occorrerebbe molto spazio. Vorrei invece proporre qui delle considerazioni che si possono intendere come preliminari, un modo per rimuovere dal tema stesso possibili fraintendimenti che lo falserebbero in partenza, e che si sentono con una certa frequenza nei discorsi politici. I. II. III. IV. Federico Sollazzo
PAUVRETE ET EXCLUSION SOCIALE - Une société de moins en moins humaine ? - Vivre Ensemble [ Téléchargez l’article au format PDF ] La pauvreté est la pire forme de violence(Gandhi) Ce texte voudrait porter témoignage d’un cheminement, de questions et d’interrogations au sujet du scandale de la pauvreté dans notre société. Il est fondé sur des expériences vécues tant que volontaire depuis six ans à l’association Les Amis d’Accompagner (accompagnement dans leurs démarches de personnes en situation précaire) et sur mon engagement dans l’association Vivre Ensemble. Ces expériences multiples, j’ai tenté de leur donner sens, tout en les resituant dans le contexte des mécanismes d’exclusion sociale à l’œuvre dans notre société. La pauvreté est souvent liée à plusieurs facteurs qui se conjuguent et enferment la personne dans un cercle vicieux qu’elle ne peut briser sans aide. « La pauvreté est un engrenage qui broie tout espoir et toute volonté. « Notre société n’est pas seulement organisée de façon à ce que ceux qui ont de l’argent puissent acheter des produits de luxe (...). 1. 2.
The greatest trick the rich ever pulled was making us believe they pay all the taxes Typically when politicians fight about taxes, they fight about the income tax. That is to say, they fight about the tax that rich people hate — not the taxes poor people hate. This leads to a really perverse dynamic, wherein the taxes the privileged pay are worthy of attention and the ones the poor pay are ignored. It paints a picture where the government is being supported on the backs of the wealthy, and the poor and middle class are free-riding. It leads to plans for various kinds of tax cuts and tax reforms that matter massively for the rich and very little for the poor. The issue here is the ceaseless focus on the federal income tax. The numbers here are surprising if you think about tax systems as something people only pay into, rather than get anything out of. But that same group pays $121.5 billion in payroll taxes. This isn't just true for the poor — it's also true for the middle class. This helps explain why some policymakers — like Sens.
Transpacific Migrations « TranspacificProject.com Human history has involved globalization for thousands of years. The peopling of this planet has been called the first great historical act of our species. We all have the same original ancestors. Our first homeland was Africa. Our species has 'globalized" the planet by migration and colonization. This segment of the project focuses on the nature and effects of the migration of human beings from Asia across the Pacific Ocean. The Peopling of the Western Hemisphere: The First Americans were Migrants from Asia Although today there is general agreement among most experts that the First Americans came from Asia, these experts provide competing theories about the timing and the routes associated with human migration to and colonization of the Americas. The archaeological discoveries at sites in Folsom and Clovis, New Mexico in the twentieth century led most archaeologists to believe humans were relatively recent post-glacial migrants to the Western Hemisphere. Genetic Research R.
Brexit: si scrive Europa ma si legge negri È facile cedere alla tentazione di fermarsi alla lettera delle cose. Tanto più quando queste si guardano da fuori, attraverso il filtro della proprie strutture e questioni irrisolte. Così mi pare che sia successo con i commentatori Italiani che negli ultimi giorni hanno affrontato la questione della “sorprendente uscita del Regno Unito dall’Unione Europea”. “La sorprendente uscita del Regno Unito dall’Unione Europea” è una frasetta che vale la pena di leggere come gli esegeti Islamici leggevano gli hadith del Profeta: con un occhio alla lettera e uno, quello più attento, al suo significato più recondito e più vero. Cominciamo dal suo essere così “sorprendente”, da cogliere alla sprovvista anche gli allibratori, che l’hanno quotata come improbabile fino al giorno del referendum. In questo periodo di riflusso della globalizzazione, stiamo assistendo al passaggio di marea che segue la frantumazione degli stati-nazione nei loro due elementi costitutivi: lo stato e la nazione.
Ever Been Told to 'Check Your Privilege?' Here's What That Really Means The first time I was told to “check my privilege,” I’ll be honest, I was angry. I was defensive. And most of all, I was offended. It’s not like my life had ever been particularly easy. So for someone to suggest that I was privileged? “Oh please,” I said to myself, “They have no idea what my life has been like.” And now, years later, I can say without a doubt that I was wrong. I do have privilege. And chances are, so do you. Simply put, this means that we may, unknowingly, have certain advantages over others. For example, growing up, I came from a middle-class background. In contrast, poorer classmates that I knew experienced near-constant food and financial insecurity. Does this mean I didn’t struggle, too? It simply means that I gained an unearned advantage, in comparison to other people – by no fault of my own, but rather, because of prejudice. Often times, our laws and other institutions can reflect this prejudice, too. And this – only this! What ‘Checking Your Privilege’ Is Not 1. 2. 3.
Comment définir la pauvreté: Ravallion, Sen ou Rawls ? Qu'est ce que la pauvreté ? Si celle-ci paraît être un phénomène visible, concret, aisément reconnaissable, surtout dans le contexte des pays en voie de développement, elle n'en reste pas moins un concept difficilement définissable et mesurable. Pauvre, mais privé de quoi ? De nombreux penseurs - économistes, sociologues, philosophes… - se sont essayés à l'exercice, sans pour autant qu'un consensus soit trouvé. Afin de répondre à cette question ambitieuse, une enquête sur le terrain est présentée ici, mettant en application chacune de ces trois définitions dans le contexte des bidonvilles de Delhi, en Inde du Nord. Chaque champ idéologique auquel se rattachent les différentes définitions participe d'une vision et d'un éclairage nouveaux des conditions des populations pauvres. Trois conceptions différentes de la pauvreté Emergence et réémergence du concept de pauvreté La pauvreté a fait l'objet de nombreux débats au cours de l'histoire. Qu'est ce que la pauvreté alors? Conclusion Notes
La théorie des « capabilités » d’Amartya Sen face au problème du relativisme 1 Cet article a fait l’objet d’une présentation lors de la journée d’étude Tracés à l’ENS LSH (septe (...) 1Les écrits d’Amartya Sen, économiste et philosophe indien, prix Nobel de sciences économiques en 1998, sont aujourd’hui reconnus pour leur apport majeur à l’analyse des inégalités et aux théories philosophiques de la justice. Selon cet auteur, il faut non seulement prendre en compte ce que possèdent les individus, mais aussi leur capacité, leur liberté à utiliser leurs biens pour choisir leur propre mode de vie. Il a tout autant rejeté une conception instrumentale qu’une conception uniquement formelle des droits et de la liberté, et a formulé des critiques décisives à l’encontre de l’utilitarisme. 2Les notions de capabilité et de modes de fonctionnement sont donc très proches mais distinctes. 3Cette définition fait apparaître les deux niveaux auxquels opère l’approche par les capabilités. 2 Voir notamment deux critiques d’orientations diverses : Cohen, 1993 et Sugden, 1993.