Early romantic era (1800- 1819)
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Offenbach in the 1860s Jacques Offenbach (20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the romantic period . He is remembered for his nearly 100 operettas of the 1850s–1870s and his uncompleted opera The Tales of Hoffmann . He was a powerful influence on later composers of the operetta genre, particularly Johann Strauss, Jr. and Arthur Sullivan .
Jacques Offenbach
Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( pron.: / ˈ v ɑː ɡ n ər / ; German: [ˈʁiçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] ; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist , and conductor primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). His compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex textures , rich harmonies and orchestration , and the elaborate use of leitmotifs —musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements. His advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres , greatly influenced the development of classical music ; his Tristan und Isolde is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music.
Richard Wagner
Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe Verdi Verdi's signature Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( Italian: [d͡ʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi] ; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera.
Franz Liszt
Franz Liszt ( German: [fʁant͡s lɪst] ); in Hungarian : Liszt Ferencz , in modern use Liszt Ferenc [ 1 ] ( Hungarian pronunciation: [list ˈfɛrɛnt͡s] ); from 1859 to 1867 officially Franz Ritter von Liszt [ 2 ] (October 22, 1811 – July 31, 1886) was a 19th-century Hungarian [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher. Liszt became renowned in Europe during the nineteenth century for his virtuosic skill as a pianist. He was said by his contemporaries to have been the most technically advanced pianist of his age, and in the 1840s he was considered by some to be perhaps the greatest pianist of all time. Liszt was also a well-known and influential composer, piano teacher and conductor.
Robert Schumann , [ 1 ] sometimes known as Robert Alexander Schumann, [ 2 ] (8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, aesthete and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law to return to music, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist.
Robert Schumann
Chopin at 25, by Maria Wodzińska, 1835 Frédéric François Chopin ( pron.: / ˈ ʃ oʊ p æ n / ; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik ʃɔ.pɛ̃] ) or Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin [ 1 ] (1 March or 22 February 1810 [ 2 ] – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist . He is widely considered one of the greatest Romantic piano composers. [ 3 ] Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola , a village in the Duchy of Warsaw . A renowned child prodigy , he grew up in Warsaw and completed his music education there; he composed many of his mature works in Warsaw before leaving Poland in 1830 at age 20, shortly before the November 1830 Uprising . Following the Russian suppression of the Uprising, he settled in Paris as part of Poland's Great Emigration . During the remaining 19 years of his life, Chopin gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon ; he supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano.
Frédéric Chopin
Portrait of Mendelssohn by the English miniaturist James Warren Childe (1778–1862), 1839 Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy ( German: [ˈjaːkɔp ˈluːtvɪç ˈfeːlɪks ˈmɛndl̩szoːn baʁˈtɔldi] ; 3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), born, and generally known in English-speaking countries, as Felix Mendelssohn , [ n 1 ] was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. A grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn , Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family , although initially he was raised without religion and was later baptised as a Reformed Christian. Mendelssohn was recognised early as a musical prodigy , but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent. Early success in Germany, where he also revived interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach , was followed by travel throughout Europe.
Felix Mendelssohn
Vincenzo Bellini
Vincenzo Bellini Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini ( Italian: [vinˈtʃɛntso salvaˈtoːre karˈmɛːlo franˈtʃesko belˈliːni] ; 3 November 1801 – 23 September 1835) was an Italian opera composer. A native of Catania in Sicily , his greatest works are I Capuleti ed i Montecchi (1830), La sonnambula (1831), Norma (1831), Beatrice di Tenda (1833), and I puritani (1835). Known for his long-flowing melodic lines, for which he was named "the Swan of Catania", Bellini was the quintessential composer of bel canto opera.