Hallucinogen
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Hallucinogen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hallucinogens are a general group of pharmacological agents that can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics , dissociatives , and deliriants . These classes of psychoactive drugs have in common that they can cause subjective changes in perception , thought , emotion and consciousness .
Dissociatives are a class of hallucinogen which reduce or block signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. [ 1 ] Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such action, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that they produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include sensory deprivation , dissociation , hallucinations , and dream-like states or trances . [ 2 ] Some, which are nonselective in action and affect the dopamine [ 3 ] and/or opioid [ 4 ] systems, may be capable of inducing euphoria .
Dissociative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Opioid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An opioid is a psychoactive chemical that works by binding to opioid receptors , which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract .
Ibotenic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ibotenic acid is a chemical compound that is naturally occurring in the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina , among others. Ibotenic acid is a powerful neurotoxin that is used as a "brain- lesioning agent" [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and has shown to be highly neurotoxic when injected directly into the brains of mice and rats. [ 3 ] When ibotenic acid is ingested, a small portion is decarboxylated into muscimol .
Ketamine , one of the most common NMDA receptor antagonists. NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize , or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor ( NMDAR ).
NMDA receptor antagonist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Levomethorphan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Levomethorphan is the l - stereoisomer of methorphan . The effects of the two isomers are quite different.
Dimemorfan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dimemorfan is an antitussive or cough suppressant which acts as a sigma receptor agonist . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an analogue of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan , but lacks significant NMDA receptor antagonistic action and dissociative effects, thereby having reduced abuse potential and adverse effects in comparison. [ 3 ]
Dextrorphan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dextrorphan ( DXO ) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan chemical class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen .
Dextromethorphan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dextromethorphan ( DXM or DM ) is an antitussive (cough suppressant) drug .2-MDP - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia8A-PDHQ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 8a-Phenyldecahydroquinoline ( 8A-PDHQ ) is a high affinity NMDA antagonist . It is a structural analog of Phencyclidine with slightly lower binding affinity than the parent compound. (-)-8a-Phenyldecahydroquinoline has an in vivo potency comparable to that of (+)- MK-801 . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]Aptiganel ( Cerestat ; CNS-1102 ) is a drug which acts as a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist . [ 1 ] It has neuroprotective effects and was researched for potential use in the treatment of stroke , [ 2 ] but despite positive results in animal studies, [ 3 ] human trials showed limited efficacy, [ 4 ] as well as undesirable side effects such as sedation and hallucinations , [ 5 ] [ 6 ] and clinical development was ultimately not continued. [ 7 ] ^ Reddy NL, Hu LY, Cotter RE, Fischer JB, Wong WJ, McBurney RN, Weber E, Holmes DL, Wong ST, Prasad R, et al.
Aptiganel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Etoxadrol is a dissociative anaesthetic drug which has been found to be an NMDA antagonist and produces similar effects to PCP in animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Etoxadrol, along with another related drug dexoxadrol , were developed as analgesics for use in humans, but development was discontinued after patients reported side effects such as nightmares and hallucinations . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] ^ Thurkauf, A.; Zenk, P.