Psychoactive Alkaloids
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Diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril), flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), triazolam (Halcion), alprazolam (Xanax) Opens BK potassium channels (hyperpolarizing neurons), closes SK potassium channels in reward center of brain (causing DA release), probably other effects Calm, euphoric, loss of inhibitions (facilitates socializing, talking, singing, sex), relaxed
Neurotransmitters and Drugs Chart
Online Books : "TIHKAL" - The Continuation" by Alexander and Ann Shulgin
The Copyright for Part 1 of TiHKAL has been reserved in all forms and it may not be distributed. Part 2 of TiHKAL may be distributed for non-commerical reproduction provided that the introductory material, copyright notice, cautionary notice and ordering information remain attached. I would like to take a moment to reiterate that at the present time restrictive laws are in force in the United States and it is very difficult for researchers to abide by the regulations which govern efforts to obtain legal approval to do work with these compounds in human beings..... No one who is lacking legal authorization should attempt the synthesis of any of the compounds described in these files, with the intent to give them to man. To do so is to risk legal action which might lead to the tragic ruination of a life.
Yuremamine is a phytoindole alkaloid which was isolated and identified from the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora in 2005. [ 1 ] It may explain the oral psychoactivity of traditional preparations from Mimosa tenuiflora , which also contains DMT ( dimethyltryptamine ). As a pure compound, yuremamine is a purple amorphous solid. It represents an entirely new family of indole derivatives. It is interesting to note that this compound contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine within its molecular structure. Perhaps yuremamine acts as an MAOI, being metabolically protected itself through intra-molecular hydrogen bonding of its tertiary amine , or perhaps yuremamine acts as a prodrug and releases DMT closer to its site of action.
Yuremamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Muscimol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Muscimol ( agarin , pantherine ) is the major psychoactive alkaloid present in many mushrooms of the Amanita genus. Unlike psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin , found in psilocybin mushrooms ), which is a serotonergic psychedelic and agonist for the 5-HT 2A receptor set, muscimol is a potent, selective agonist for the GABA A receptor set and is a dissociative as a opposed to a psychedelic (see hallucinogens ). [ edit ] Chemistry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nuciferine is an alkaloid found within the plants Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera . It has a profile of action associated with dopamine receptor blockade. It induces catalepsy , it inhibits spontaneous motor activity, conditioned avoidance response, amphetamine toxicity and stereotypy .
Nuciferine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aporphine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Aporphine is one of a class of quinoline alkaloids . Many different relatives of this compound have been purified from plants. [ 1 ] One commonly-used aporphine derivative is apomorphine . ^ Stévigny, C.; Bailly, C.; Quetin-Leclercq, J. (2005).
Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid found in plants , fungi , and animals . It is based around the indole ring structure, and is chemically related to the amino acid tryptophan , from which its name is derived. Tryptamine is found in trace amounts in the brains of mammals and is believed to play a role as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter . [ 1 ] Tryptamine is also the backbone for a group of compounds known collectively as tryptamines . This group includes many biologically active compounds , including neurotransmitters and psychedelic drugs . Many if not all plants contain small amounts of tryptamine which is an intermediate in one biosynthetic pathway to the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (heteroauxin). [ 3 ] Higher concentrations can be found in many Acacia species.
Tryptamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Psilocybin [ nb 1 ] ( / ˌ s ɪ l ə ˈ s aɪ b ɪ n / SIL -ə- SY -bin ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms , collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms . The most potent are members of the genus Psilocybe , such as P. azurescens , P. semilanceata , and P. cyanescens , but psilocybin has also been isolated from about a dozen other genera . As a prodrug , psilocybin is quickly converted by the body to psilocin , which has mind-altering effects similar to those of LSD and mescaline .
Psilocybin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Baeocystin is a mushroom alkaloid and analog of the psychedelic hallucinogenic drug psilocybin , a tryptamine derivative. It is found as a minor compound in most psychoactive mushrooms together with psilocybin , norbaeocystin , and psilocin . Little information exists with regard to human pharmacology , but in the book Magic Mushrooms Around the World , author Jochen Gartz reports being aware of a study in which "10 mg of baeocystin were found to be about as psychoactive as a similar amount of psilocybin." [ citation needed ] First isolated from the mushroom Psilocybe baeocystis , [ 1 ] and later from P. semilanceata (Repke & Leslie 1977) and first synthesized by Troxler et al. (1959) Baeocystin is a demethylated derivative of psilocybin. ^ Leung, A.Y. and A.G. Paul.
Baeocystin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Psilocin ( 4-HO-DMT ), an aromatic compound, sometimes also (mis)spelled psilocine , psilocyn , or psilotsin , is a psychedelic mushroom alkaloid . It is found in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin . Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances . [ 1 ] The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective, but resemble those caused by LSD and mescaline . The effects typically last anywhere from three to eight hours depending on certain variables (such as metabolism, food interaction); however the effects can seem to last much longer due to psilocin's ability to distort the perception of time .
Psilocin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dimethyltryptamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
N , N -Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound of the tryptamine family. Its presence is widespread throughout the plant kingdom . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] DMT occurs in trace amounts in mammals, including humans, where it may putatively function as a trace amine neurotransmitter . [ 5 ] It is originally derived from the essential amino acid tryptophan and ultimately produced by the enzyme INMT during normal metabolism . [ 6 ] The significance of its widespread natural presence remains undetermined. Structurally , DMT is analogous to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), the hormone melatonin , and other psychedelic tryptamines, such as 5-MeO-DMT , bufotenin , and psilocin (the active metabolite of psilocybin ).5-MeO-DMT - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
5-MeO-DMT ( 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine ) is a powerful psychedelic tryptamine . It is found in a wide variety of plant and psychoactive toad species and, like its close relatives DMT and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen by South American shamans for thousands of years. [ edit ] ChemistryBufotenin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bufotenin (also known as bufotenine and cebilcin ), or 5-hydroxy- N , N -dimethyltryptamine ( 5-OH-DMT ), is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin . It is an alkaloid found in the skin of some species of toads ; in mushrooms , higher plants , and mammals . [ 1 ] The name bufotenin originates from the Bufo genus of toads, which includes several species of psychoactive toads , most notably Bufo alvarius , that secrete bufotoxins from their parotoid glands . [ 2 ] Bufotenin is similar in chemical structure to the psychedelics psilocin (4-HO-DMT) , 5-MeO-DMT , and DMT , chemicals which also occur in some of the same fungus, plant, and animal species as bufotenin. The psychoactivity of bufotenin has been disputed, though recent studies suggest it is similar in nature to 5-MeO-DMT . [ edit ] NomenclatureN-Methyltryptamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
N -Methyltryptamine ( NMT ), or methyltryptamine , is a member of the tryptamine chemical class . It is an alkaloid , probably derived from L -tryptophan , that has been found in the bark , shoots and leaves of several plant species , including Virola , Acacia , Mimosa and Desmanthus often together with the related compounds N , N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy- N , N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). [ 1 ] It is also synthesized in the human body as a metabolic endproduct of the amino acid L -tryptophan . [ 2 ] It was found to be a natural trace component in human urine. [ 3 ] Orally administered NMT appears to produce no psychoactive effects, likely as a result of extensive first-pass metabolism . [ 4 ] However, it may become active upon combination with a MAO A inhibitor (MAOI). [ 5 ] By vaporization NMT shows activity at 50-100mg, with a duration of 45-70 minutes; duration of visual effects 15-30 seconds. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]DET , also known under its chemical name N , N -diethyltryptamine and as T-9 , [ 1 ] is a psychedelic drug closely related to DMT and 4-HO-DET . However, despite its structural similarity to DMT it is active orally around 50–100 mg without the aid of MAO inhibitors lasting about 2–4 hours. [ edit ] Chemistry
Diethyltryptamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MDMA