Information theory & theories of learning
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Gestalt psychology or gestaltism ( German : Gestalt – "essence or shape of an entity's complete form") is a theory of mind and brain of the Berlin School ; the operational principle of gestalt psychology is that the brain is holistic , parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. The principle maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts, suggesting the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Gestalt psychology tries to understand the laws of our ability to acquire and maintain stable percepts in a noisy world.
Gestalt psychology
Schema (psychology)
In psychology and cognitive science , a schema (plural schemata or schemas ), describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information.