You must follow the norms of your discipline. ◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. {R} Reference. ↂ EndNote. ☗ Anglia. ☝️ Weerakkody. ☝️ [BS] Heigham. Citation. Reference to a source A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears. Generally, the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not). Citations have several important purposes. Concept[edit] Content[edit] Citation content can vary depending on the type of source and may include: Unique identifiers[edit] Along with information such as author(s), date of publication, title and page numbers, citations may also include unique identifiers depending on the type of work being referred to.
Systems[edit] Vancouver system[edit] 1. 1. Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. Law[edit] Reference. Bibliography. Bibliography (from Greek βιβλιογραφία, bibliographia, literally "book writing"), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology[1] (from Greek -λογία, -logia). Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline—the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic, description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography). Branches of bibliography[edit] Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline—the organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic, description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography). These two distinct concepts and practices have separate rationales and serve differing purposes.
Descriptive bibliographers follow specific conventions and associated classification in their description. D. Enumerative bibliography[edit] Citation styles vary. Wikipedia:Citing sources. Guideline on how to cite sources A citation, also called a reference,[note 1] uniquely identifies a source of information, e.g.: Wikipedia's verifiability policy requires inline citations for any material challenged or likely to be challenged, and for all quotations, anywhere in article space. A citation or reference in an article usually has two parts. This page explains how to place and format both parts of the citation.
Citation types An inline citation means any citation added close to the material it supports, for example after the sentence or paragraph, normally in the form of a footnote.In-text attribution involves adding the source of a statement to the article text, such as Rawls argues that X.[5] This is done whenever a writer or speaker should be credited, such as with quotations, close paraphrasing, or statements of opinion or uncertain fact. Short and full citations This is how short citations look in the edit box: The Sun is pretty big,<ref>Miller 2005, p. 23. Notes References. (Pat Cryer) How to Reference a Website or Web Page in Reports, Journal Articles and the Thesis/Dissertation. Uncertainties and mistakes in referencing a web page or website Undated web pages I am frequently emailed to ask the date of a page on one of my websites so that a student can reference it.
My answer is always the same: Although the date of publication of a book or journal article remains the same, websites, by their very nature, can and usually do get updated frequently. Then the date of publication of a particular version is unknown to anyone but the author or webmaster, who may not have kept a record anyway. The accepted way to reference the date of a web page is to give the date that you personally accessed it for use in your own work. This is not something that anyone can check and it may not be helpful for a reader if the web page changes, but there it is. The date accessed should be placed in square brackets at the end of a web reference. Web pages and websites with no stated author Examples of referencing web pages and websites Referencing in a list of references / bibliography** ...
What Is the Difference between Relevant and Irrelevant in Evidence - Ask Jeeves.
Introduction § Harvard Guide to Using Sources. Welcome to the Harvard Guide to Using Sources. As a required text for your Expos course, the Guide introduces you to the fundamentals of using sources in academic papers. You will be expected to understand these fundamentals as you write papers at Harvard, both for your Expos course and for the courses you will take beyond Expos. When you use sources in academic writing, you engage in a conversation with scholars whose work you have been asked to read, analyze, or discuss in your courses. In the courses you will take at Harvard, your professors will introduce you to the major debates and questions in their fields and invite you to join the scholarly conversation by writing your own papers. Your Expos course will introduce you to the principles of writing with sources that are common across the disciplines, as well as to the differences you might encounter as you move from course to course. •"Why Use Sources?
" The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide. The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars. The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including esoteric ones less appropriate to the author-date system. The author-date system has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. Aside from the use of notes versus parenthetical references in the text, the two systems share a similar style.
Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations The following examples illustrate citations using the notes and bibliography system. Book One author 1. 2. Pollan, Michael. Two or more authors 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. UBS Harvard Examples - Subject Guides at University of Ulster. UBS Guide to Referencing in the Harvard Style. Skills in Accessing, Finding & Reviewing Information - Safari. Journal article, in press - APA Style, 6th Edition - LibGuides at Bow Valley College.
Proper Format & Examples: There are two options for citing this source in-text: 1) Last names of author(s), date of publication, and page number(s) are placed in brackets at the end of the sentence. If there are no page numbers, refer to the paragraph number or heading within the text: (Linz & Sturm, in press, "Implications for nursing," para. 1-3). 2) Alternatively, the citation may be integrated into the sentence with a signal phrase and narrative: Lintz and Sturm (in press) found weekly group or community social activities can help people with severe mental illness develop “trusting, interpersonal” relationships with their Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) workers (“Implications for nursing," para. 1-3).
APA rules for in-text citation change depending on the number/type of author(s). Work with ONE author Work with TWO authors Work with THREE to FIVE authors List all last names in signal phrase or brackets for the first in-text citation. Work with SIX or more authors Example 1: Example 2: Cite them right online. 2014-04-03 - (UU) Cite Them Right Online.