Total synthesis of lysergic acid. Alpha Helix: secondary structure of protein. Secondary structure of protein: beta sheet. Animations. Charting Pathways of Life. Glycolysis Pathway System. Glycolysis. Citric Acid Cycle. Breathing Chain Pathway System. Phosphate Pentose Pathway System. HMS Cell Biology Visualization: Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, a tetrameric protein found in high concentrations in red blood cells, is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen in the body. Each hemoglobin protein is made up of four subunits - two alpha subunits and two beta subunits - and each subunit is capable of binding to an oxygen molecule via its heme group. Structural studies have shown that hemoglobin exists in one of two conformations, known as T (taut) and R (relaxed).
Deoxygenated hemoglobin (blue) is found in the T state, and oxygen binding (red) triggers the transition to the R state. The animation on the right shows a close-up view of the heme group (white, in ball and stick representation) in one of the hemoglobin subunits. Hemoglobin can be thought of as a tetramer made up of two alpha-beta dimers. The T to R transition requires that at least two of the hemoglobin subunits be bound by oxygen. Protons are important allosteric effectors of hemoglobin. . [ download quicktime movie (14.2 MB) ]
Hemoglobin: Oxygen Binding. The functional unit of Hemoglobin is a tetramer. Each monomer contains a heme group that has the capacity to bind a molecule of oxygen. Thus functional hemoglobin can bind four molecules of oxygen. Oxygen binding to hemoglobin exhibits cooperativity. The first molecule of oxygen that binds a subunit of hemoglobin makes it easier for the second molecule of oxygen to bind (another subunit), which in turn makes it easier for the third molecule to bind, and so on. BioChemWeb.org: Virtual Library of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Cell Biology. The Medical Biochemistry Page. The Swiss Initiative in Systems Biology: Research, Technology and Development Projects. Research, Technology and Development (RTD) Projects are large integrated research projects. They focus either on the in-depth analysis of a particular biological system, and/or on the development and implementation of a new technology.
Interdisciplinary and inter-institutional research A SystemsX.ch RTD Project is proposed and led by a principal investigator (PI). His/her institution is responsible for the administration, coordination, and scientific reporting of the project. Nevertheless, several research groups representing complementary fields contribute to reach the main RTD project goals. The minimum requirements for an RTD project proposal explicitly prescribe the formation of a consortium of typically three to eight research groups from different disciplines and the involvement of at least two partner institutions.
New generation of RTD Projects. Titles in NetBiochem. Western Blot. Learn about the Western Blot technique. Western blot analysis can detect your protein of interest from a mixture of a great number of proteins. Western blotting can give you information about the size of your protein (with comparison to a size marker or ladder in kDa), and also give you information on protein expression (with comparison to a control such as untreated sample or another cell type or tissue). Western blot analysis can analyze any protein sample whether from cells or tissues, but also can analyze recombinant proteins synthesized in vitro.
Western blot is dependent on the quality of antibody you use to probe for your protein of interest, and how specific it is for this protein. How Does Western Blotting Work? See Diagram 1 below. Diagram 1. Learn everything there is about western blots! Table of Contents Steps in Western Blotting: - Preparing for Western Blot - Which Antibody to use for Western Blots - Lysing Cells for Western Blot - SDS-PAGE Gel Information - Western Blot - Antibody. Communicating at an unknown rate. Biochemistry Animations. Welcome to the Worldwide Protein Data Bank. The Biology Project. Chemical Structure of Amino Acids. Amino Acids: Facts You Wanted to Know. Amino Acids: An Overview Amino Acids do wonderful thing to keep you energetic and healthy.
You may be amazed once you learn the role played by amino acids. They perform many more vital functions: resource for your growth, maintenance of body metabolism, provide immunity, healing ulcers and so on. Tell me! What are amino acids? Amino acids provide energy to your body. Twenty Amino Acids Ten Non-Essential Amino Acids There are 20 amino acids involved in protein metabolism. Non-Essential Amino Acids The 10 non-essential amino acids that a human can produce are: 1. Essential Amino Acids The other ten essential amino acids must be supplied from your food. The most essential amino acids are: 1. Now you are able to appreciate your protein metabolism and the involvement of 20 amino acids. Amino acids are complex organic compounds. Metabolism 1) Aspartic acid and Threonine rejuvenate your assimilation and body metabolism. 2) Valine is needed essentially for muscle metabolism activity.
Body building Healing.