Barcelona World Race Ocean Campus. Set up by the FNOB, the University of Barcelona and the El Far Consortium, the Barcelona World Race Ocean Campus is a platform of open educational courses based on subjects in the fields of science, the humanities and technology, as they are developed and applied through the Barcelona World Race (BWR): the first and only double-handed, non-stop, round the world regatta. This initiative has been brought to life thanks to an agreement signed in April 2013 by the three institutions, establishing a commitment to collaborate, disseminate knowledge of, and boost the educational and training potential of the BWR. Available on Instructure Canvas platform from November 2014, these courses will be free and open to all and offer certification from the University of Barcelona in association with experts in online learning.
The Barcelona World Race Ocean Campus courses fall under the 'MOOC' category: Massive Online Open Courses. The initiative sets a double precedent Strategies for winning. Water structure and science: Site map. '...of all known liquids, water is probably the most studied and least understood.”' Introduction The water molecule Water Water structure, Introduction Water structure, advanced Water's lone pairs Water electronic structure Water models Water reactivity Pure water and solubility Pure water Hydrophobicity Solubility; organic; inorganic Easier introduction to the water molecule ortho-water and para-water The molecular orbitals of water, H2O Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonds Van der Waals interactions Hydrogen bonding in water Introduction Water hydrogen bonds Water hydrogen bond length Water hydrogen bond direction Hydrogen bonding and information transfer Hydrogen bond cooperativity Quantum effects Rearranging hydrogen bonds Bifurcated hydrogen bonds Information transfer Hydrogen bonds and solubility Water dimer and small clusters Water dimer inside fullerene C70 Comparison with trimer, tetramer, and pentamer Small clusters The molecular orbitals of a water dimer, (H2O)2 The Phase Diagram of water Phase diagrams Triple points.
The structure of water. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License. Credits Page design and implementation using Jmol or JSmol: Dr. Angel Herráez (University of Alcalá, Spain; contact). Simulation of the condensation of water molecules into a droplet — conceptual design, text, and molecular model: Prof. Eric Martz (University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA); original page using MDL Chime. Water globule model: Dr. Ice crystal model: Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Water Case Study (© by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA). Simulation of water—ice transition: Dr. Version history. Thermodynamic Equation of SeaWater TEOS-10. Methods of Determination of Salinity | Salinometry. Determination of salinity, as the total measure of inorganic dissolved matter, is by evaporation of the water and weighing of the residue. This is a difficult process, because some carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride escape during the evaporation process and corrections must be made for this.
Furthermore, at sea methods involving weighing can not be used. So the methods to be applied on board a ship have to be indirect ones. In the past century only two major methods have been used in the oceanography for measurement of the seawater samples salinity: chlorinity titration and conductometry. 1.Chlorinity Titration Chemical determination of halide content by titration was for many years the usual routine method for determining the “sea salt” content of sea water samples. Clu = Cls × Tu × Ws \ Ts × Wu where: Clu and Cls - chlorinity of unknown and standard, Wu and Ws - weight of unknown and standard, Tu and Ts - silver nitrate titre for unknown and standard. 2. (be continued) Overview / Copernicus. Overview Sentinel family ESA is developing a new family of missions called Sentinels specifically for the operational needs of the Copernicus programme.
Each Sentinel mission is based on a constellation of two satellites to fulfil revisit and coverage requirements, providing robust datasets for Copernicus Services. These missions carry a range of technologies, such as radar and multi-spectral imaging instruments for land, ocean and atmospheric monitoring: Sentinel-1 is a polar-orbiting, all-weather, day-and-night radar imaging mission for land and ocean services. Copernicus. PMEL/TAO El Nino: Forecasts. Home. Argo - part of the integrated global observation strategy. Online tutorials - Copernicus Marine environment monitoring service. Copernicus - Marine environment monitoring service. What is Operational Oceanography? - EuroGOOS.
Operational Oceanography can be defined as the activity of systematic and long-term routine measurements of the seas and oceans and atmosphere, and their rapid interpretation and dissemination. Important products derived from operational oceanography are: nowcasts providing the most usefully accurate description of the present state of the sea including living resourcesforecasts providing continuous forecasts of the future condition of the sea for as far ahead as possiblehindcasts assembling long term data sets which will provide data for description of past states, and time series showing trends and changes Operational Oceanography usually proceeds by the rapid transmission of observational data to data assimilation centres.
There, powerful computers using numerical forecasting models process the data. The outputs from the models are used to generate data products, often through intermediary value-adding organisations. EoApp. Barcelona World Race 2014-15 Tracker. About Argo. The broad-scale global array of temperature/salinity profiling floats, known as Argo, has already grown to be a major component of the ocean observing system. Argo is a standard to which other developing ocean observing systems can look to. For example, Argo offers ideas on various topics such as how to collaborate internationally, how to develop a data management system and how to change the way scientists think about collecting data. Deployments began in 2000 and continue today at the rate of about 800 per year. The latest picture of the Argo array. Additional maps displaying statistics about the Argo array, including its extensions into high latitudes and marginal seas, bio-geochemical sensors, communication systems, float type, etc., can be found in the map section on the Argo Information Centre website.
The name Argo was chosen to emphasize the strong complementary relationship of the global float array with the Jason satellite altimeter mission. Youtube. Laser. Red (660 & 635 nm), green (532 & 520 nm) and blue-violet (445 & 405 nm) lasers Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment. Fundamentals Lasers are characterized according to their wavelength in a vacuum. Most "single wavelength" lasers actually produce radiation in several modes having slightly differing frequencies (wavelengths), often not in a single polarization.
Although temporal coherence implies monochromaticity, there are lasers that emit a broad spectrum of light or emit different wavelengths of light simultaneously. There are some lasers that are not single spatial mode and consequently have light beams that diverge more than is required by the diffraction limit. Design. Atmospheric Remote Sensing: Instruments: Oceanographic Lidar. R. Marchbanks, NOAA / CIRES Intense Plankton layers discovered in the Arctic Ice Pack, July 2014 The airborne lidar for fisheries surveys is named FLOE (Fish Lidar, Oceanic, Experimental). How does it work? LIDAR is an acronym for LIght Detection And Ranging. A compact LIDAR system in a small airplane can measure distributions of various targets over large areas of the ocean.
What has been measured? The LIDAR and associated instruments have been used in a number of studies looking at: The instrumentation is owned and operated by NOAA, but these studies have been partially supported by other organizations and we are always looking for applications and collaborations. Is the laser safe? The laser beam is expanded to meet the ANSI standards for occupational laser safety at the surface. Radar Altimetry Tutorial - 5.2. Products: Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox.
The Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox is a tool designed to use radar altimetry data. It is able: to read all altimetry data from official data centres, from ERS-1 and 2, Topex/Poseidon, Geosat Follow-on, Jason-1, Envisat, Jason-2 and Cryosat, from Sensor Geophysical Data Record to gridded merged data to do some processing and computations to visualise the results It is available for Windows XP, Mac OS X 10.4 and 10.5 (ppc/intel), Linux Redhat EL4.
The Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox is a joint project between ESA and CNES. March 2012 : update of BRAT v3 some improvements have been added to BRAT: - Addition of an "aliases" capability, that enables users to use the same names for the most frequent data fields. The current version of the Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox is v3.1.0 See version change Logs If you are using it, please signal us any problems and questions, and send us suggestions to improve. The Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox can be divided in four main components: Radar Altimetry Tutorial - Scatterometer wind measurements in meteorology at KNMI. Products and software Scatterometer work The scatterometer is a satellite radar-instrument which provides a measure of wind speed and direction near the sea surface. We develop scatterometer processing software for operational use in weather and marine forecasting.
More information on this is available under the 'Software' links on the right hand side of this page. To preview our near real-time products and obtain access to them and our archive of off-line products, please follow the 'Wind Products' links. Our activities are diverse and span Research on new types of scatterometer for future use Development of algorithms for wind retrieval and ice processing Wind product processing, quality control, and monitoring User support Your contribution? Acknowledgement Team Further information. Scatterometry - Overview. What is Scatterometry? Scatterometers are unique among satellite remote sensors in their ability to determine the wind direction over water. Scatterometers can provide a wealth of wind velocity observations over the earth's bodies of water. These wind observations have a wide variety of applications including weather forecasting, marine safety, commercial fishing, El Nino prediction and monitoring, and long term climate studies.
The exceptional accuracy of the recent NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) is leading to development of new applications. At COAPS, we have found that examining animations of scatterometer winds can inspire new scatterometry applications. How Scatterometry Works To date, all scatterometers have been active microwave sensors: they send out a signal and measure how much of that signal returns after interacting with the target. The wind direction is found by determining the angle that is most likely to be consistent the backscatter observed from multiple angles. QuikSCAT. Radar Remote Sensing. RADAR stands for "RAdio Detection And Ranging". By virtue of sending out pulses of microwave electromagnetic radiation this type of instrument can be classified as an "active sensor" - it measures the time between pulses and their reflected components to determine distance. Different pulse intervals, different wavelengths, different geometry and polarizations can be combined to roughness characteristics of the earth surface.
Radar wavelengths range between less than 1 millimeter to 1 meter. All photos can be called images but not all images should be called photos - images that are acquired digitally are usually not referred to as photographs ... there is no such thing as a radar photograph! Radar uses relative long wavelengths which allows these systems to "see" through clouds, smoke, and some vegetation. Also, being an active system, it can be operated day or night. Color Aerial Photography vs Processed Radar Imagery Color Photography vs Radar Derived DEM (Digital Elevation Model) OSI SAF ASCAT-A 12.5-km product. WindSat | Remote Sensing Systems.
Introduction The WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Remote Sensing Division and the Naval Center for Space Technology for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). It was launched on January 6, 2003 aboard the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite.
WindSat was meant to demonstrate the capabilities of a fully polarimetric radiometer to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. Prior to launch, the only instrument capable of measuring ocean wind vectors were scatterometers (active microwave sensors). Instrument Description For a detailed description of the WindSat instrument, see P.Gaiser, "The WindSat Spaceborne Polarimetric Microwave Radiometer: Sensor Description and Early Orbit Performance".
The WindSat radiometer is well-calibrated and contains the lower frequency channels required for SST retrievals. Data Processing Data Access References. Polarization (waves) Circular polarization on rubber thread, converted to linear polarization Polarization (also polarisation) is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation. Electromagnetic waves such as light exhibit polarization, as do some other types of wave, such as gravitational waves. Sound waves in a gas or liquid do not exhibit polarization, since the oscillation is always in the direction the wave travels. The most common optical materials (such as glass) are isotropic and simply preserve the polarization of a wave but do not differentiate between polarization states. Polarization is an important parameter in areas of science dealing with transverse wave propagation, such as optics, seismology, radio, and microwaves.
Most sources of light are classified as incoherent and unpolarized (or only "partially polarized") because they consist of a random mixture of waves having different spatial characteristics, frequencies (wavelengths), phases, and polarization states. And . ). World of Change: Collapse of the Larsen-B Ice Shelf : Feature Articles. Current Ice Conditions and Forecasts - Weather and Meteorology - Environment Canada.
Medium Resolution Sea Ice Drift product. Medium Resolution Sea Ice Drift product. Current Ice Conditions and Forecasts - Weather and Meteorology - Environment Canada. Iceberg FAQ | Iceberg Finder | Find icebergs in Newfoundland and Labrador. All About Sea Ice | National Snow and Ice Data Center. Why Antarctic sea ice cover has increased under the effects of climate change. RSS / Wind Vector Data Images / Daily. Daily AMSR-E sea ice maps. RSS / Data Fusion / Sea Surface Temperature. SMOS Barcelona Expert Centre | To observe salinity over the oceans. RSS / Data Fusion / Sea Surface Temperature. Ocean Color • Ocean Optics Web Book. MODIS Web.
MODIS Web. How Night Vision Works: Techniques using Low-light and Infrared imaging. Michael Brunke: Research. OceanColor Home Page | NASA Ocean Color. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - Office of Satellite and Product Operations. SST definitions - GHRSST - The International web portal to the Group for High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature.
Global MODIS SST Viewer. SOSE Coastal Upwelling: Upwelling and Remote Sensing: Other Considerations - Eddies. Download Java for Windows. Amazing Footage Of Ocean Currents. Tidal Currents in Gibraltar Strait. Meteosat 0 degree Infrared 3.9 Full disc low resolution. Index-en. Contents. Elsevier: Talley et al: Descriptive Physical Oceanography Supplementary Chapters and Figures. Andrew Thompson. WOCE Atlas Volume 3: Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Currents Collection. Physical Oceanography Book - OceanWorld. The Oceans Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. ODV Home. 1.5.1 The horizontal pressure gradient force. 1.4 The mediterranean: estuary or small ocean. Scientia Marina: List of Issues.
Regional Oceanography. Untitled. 1.3 The formation of dense waters. Crown Commercial Service. 1.2.2 A history of the seasonal thermocline. 1.2.1 Stability and destabilisation. 1.2.1 Stability and destabilisation. ODV Home. Sea-Bird Electronics. Thermodynamic Equation of SeaWater 2010 (TEOS-10) 1.1 Temperature, salinity, density. 1.0 Introduction. Fundació Navegació Oceànica Barcelona. Barcelona World Race Ocean Campus.