Archive for Sexology. In China, Taoism has both a philosophical and a religious tradition. Although philosophical Taoism flourished early in the fifth century B.C.E., Taoism as a religion did not develop until the first century C.E. Next to Confucianism, it ranks as the second major belief system in traditional Chinese thought. The philosophy of Taoism is outlined in Lao-tzu's Tao-te Ching, offering a practical way of life. Later, its teachings came to be utilized in the popular religion called Tao-chiao. In the Chinese tradition, the two have been separate, but in the West they have often been confused under the one name Taoism.
Lao-tzu's Tao-te Ching is so important for China that it has been argued that Chinese civilization and the Chinese character would have been utterly different if the book had never been written. Both philosophical Taoism and religious Taoism included in their classics many positive ideas about sex. There was also a belief in the desirability of multiple sexual partners. Ruan, F. Wen Zhen Heng's book : Zhang Wu Zhi. Commodity pathway diversion. A commodity pathway diversion is the ability of an object to move in and out of the “commodity state” over the course of its use life. Diversions can occur when an object is removed from its commodity pathway for its protection and preservation, or when a previously removed object is commoditized through reentry into the commodity pathway after having gained value through its absence. It is important to note that diversion is an integrated part of the commodity pathway. Commodity Flows [ edit ] Wedding rings: commodity or pure gift?
Rather than emphasize how particular kinds of objects are either gifts or commodities to be traded in restricted spheres of exchange, Arjun Appadurai and others began to look at how objects flowed between these spheres of exchange. Theoretical origins [ edit ] …commodities must be not only produced materially as things, but also culturally marked as being a certain kind of thing.
Enclaved Commodities [ edit ] Kingly Things [ edit ] Sacred Things [ edit ] An introduction to material culture. An introduction to material culture: Object-centred approaches. One simple way of approaching our subject is to adapt the work of the American art historian Bernard Herman, a leading pioneer in the field of material culture studies. Herman has suggested that the study of things, broadly speaking, can be allocated to two distinct but overlapping approaches (Herman, 1992). In the first instance, he speaks of an ‘object-centred’ approach to the subject, one in which the focus of study is on the object itself. Here, we need to pay attention to the specific physical attributes of the object. The ability to describe the object – to engage, that is, with a list of descriptive criteria – is at the forefront of this approach. How, and with what materials, was the object made? Karl Marx - Die Geschichte des Opiumhandels. Seitenzahlen verweisen auf: Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels - Werke, (Karl) Dietz Verlag, Berlin.
Band 12, Berlin/DDR 1961. S. 549-552. Geschrieben am 31. August 1858. Aus dem Englischen. ["New-York Daily Tribune" Nr. 5433 vom 20. <549> Die Nachricht vom neuen Vertrag, den die Bevollmächtigten der Verbündeten China abgerungen haben, scheint genau die gleichen phantastischen Vorstellungen von einer unermeßlichen Ausdehnung des Handels erweckt zu haben, wie sie der Geschäftswelt 1845 nach Beendigung des ersten chinesischen Krieges vorschwebten. "Ja, der Sklavenhandel war barmherzig, verglichen mit dem Opiumhandel.
Die Chinesen können nicht gleichzeitig Gebrauchsgüter und Rauschgift abnehmen; unter den gegenwärtigen Umständen läuft die Ausdehnung des chinesischen Handels auf die Ausdehnung des Opiumhandels hinaus; das Anwachsen des letzteren ist unvereinbar mit der Entwicklung eines legitimen Handels - diese Feststellungen wurden vor zwei Jahren eigentlich allgemein anerkannt. Ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.[1][page needed] Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups relative to their own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.[2] Ethnocentrism may be overt or subtle, and while it is considered a natural proclivity of human psychology, it has developed a generally negative connotation.[3] Origins of the concept and its study[edit] William G.
Sumner created the term "ethnocentrism" upon observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the in-group and others. Anthropologists such as Franz Boas and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that any human science had to transcend the ethnocentrism of the scientist. Anthropology[edit] Biology and evolutionary theory[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ John T. Further reading[edit] Superfluous Things: Material Culture and Social Status in Early Modern China. Now in paperback This outstanding and original book, presented here with a new preface, examines the history of material culture in early modern China. Craig Clunas analyzes “superfluous things”—the paintings, calligraphy, bronzes, ceramics, carved jade, and other objects owned by the elites of Ming China—and describes contemporary attitudes to them. He informs his discussions with reference to both socio-cultural theory and current debates on eighteenth-century England concerning luxury, conspicuous consumption, and the growth of the consumer society. illus.
“The sense of completeness that characterizes Clunas’ writing has something to do with the self-assured patter of his prose, with its intense and unwavering focus on the subject before him. But it has more to do with his reach, his willingness to cross the disciplinary boundaries of his field.... An eye-opening pleasure to read.” “Bold and insightful.... Ming garden social dimension. The emperor’s four bodies: Embodied rulership and legal culture in early Ming China. What is a Thesis Statement? - Stating the Aim of Your Paper. One of the most important components of most scientific papers, whether essay or research paper, is the thesis statement.
A thesis statement is a sentence that states what you want your paper to show, what you want to convince your readers after having read your thesis. This is the foundation of the entire work and informs the reader exactly what you wish to achieve with the paper, what you wish to prove or disprove. Unless you are documenting research or writing a purely descriptive essay, you will be basing the paper around this thesis statement, so it needs to be well thought out and described.
What is a Thesis Statement Good For? If an assignment asks you analyze, argue, compare and contrast, establish a cause or otherwise interpret, the chances are that you will need to base it around a clearly defined thesis statement. This sets out your position, and every part of the paper will need to refer to back to it in some way.
The Four Step Plan to Writing a Good Thesis Statement 1. 2. 3. 4.