Tasks. Romania Outline Map. Carpathian Mountains. Mountain range in Central and Eastern Europe The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (/kɑːrˈpeɪθiənz/) are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly 1,500 km (932 mi) long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the third-longest mountain range in Europe after the Ural Mountains with 2,500 km (1,553 mi) and Scandinavian Mountains with 1,700 km (1,056 mi). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania,[1][2][3] as well as over one third of all European plant species.[4] The Carpathians and their foothills also have many thermal and mineral waters, with Romania having one-third of the European total.[5][6] Romania is likewise home to the second-largest surface of virgin forests in Europe after Russia, totaling 250,000 hectares (65%), most of them in the Carpathians,[7] with the Southern Carpathians constituting Europe's largest unfragmented forested area.[8] Name[edit]
Carpathian Mountains | mountains, Europe. ABOUT THE CARPATHIANS - Carpathian Heritage Society. The Carpathians extend in a geologic system of parallel structural ranges. The Outer Carpathians - whose rocks are composed of flysch - run from near Vienna, through Moravia, along the Polish-Czech-Slovak frontier, and through western Ukraine into Romania, ending in an abrupt bend of the Carpathian arc north of Bucharest.
In this segment of the mountains, a number of large structural units of nappe character (vast masses of rock thrust and folded over each other) may be distinguished. In the eastern part of the Outer Carpathians this fringe is formed by the Skole Nappe, and in the western part it is formed by the Silesian Nappe, both of which are split by the longitudinal central Carpathian depression. Overthrust on the Silesian Nappe is the Magura Nappe, the counterparts of which in the east are the Chernogora (Chornohora) and the Tarcau nappes.
The Inner Carpathians consist of a number of separate blocks. Back. The Carpathians. Picture on left from Picture on right from Introduction The Carpathian Mountains are an almost semicircular shaped mountain belt that is 1500km long and 50-150km wide. They curve through northeastern Romania, western Ukraine, southern Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The Carpathians formed during the Cretaceous to Miocene as the result of continental collision of Europe with small continental fragments. Although formed by continental collision like the high Himalayas, the Carpathians do not compare in elevation. Back to Top Tectonics The Jurassic During the Jurassic, oceanic crust formed between the African and European plates and the fragments of continental crust that had rifted from those plates. Four main fragments, the Apulian, Rhodopian, Moesian, and North Dobrogean fragments, were recognized during the late Jurassic (Fig. 4-from Burchfiel, 1980).
Back to Top Pmag! USGS FAQs - Landslides - What is a landslide and what causes one? A landslide is defined as "the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope" (Cruden, 1991). Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. These are further subdivided by the type of geologic material (bedrock, debris, or earth).
Debris flows (commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides) and rock falls are examples of common landslide types (Cruden and Varnes, 1996). Almost every landslide has multiple causes. Landslides can move slowly, (millimeters per year) or can move quickly and disastrously, as is the case with debris flows. Sources of Information: Cruden, D.M., 1991, A Simple Definition of a Landslide. Cruden, D.M., and Varnes, D.J., 1996, Landslide Types and Processes, in Turner, A. Learn more: Landslide Hazard Program Landslide Types and Processes. Landslides 101 USGS. What is a Landslide? The term landslide includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes, and shallow debris flows. Although gravity acting on an over-steepened slope is the primary reason for a landslide, there are other contributing factors: erosion by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create oversteepened slopesrock and soil slopes are weakened through saturation by snowmelt or heavy rainsearthquakes create stresses that make weak slopes failearthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and greater have been known to trigger landslidesvolcanic eruptions produce loose ash deposits, heavy rain, and debris flowsexcess weight from accumulation of rain or snow, stockpiling of rock or ore, from waste piles, or from man-made structures may stress weak slopes to failure and other structures Slope material that become saturated with water may develop a debris flow or mud flow.
Where do Landslides Occur? Landslides occur in every state and U.S. territory. Why Study Landslides? Landslide Hazards USGS For how to respond. Geology.com Landslide Hazard Information - Causes, Pictures, Definition. Landslides Occur in all 50 States Landslides in the United States occur in all 50 States. The primary regions of landslide occurrence and potential are the coastal and mountainous areas of California, Oregon, and Washington, the States comprising the intermountain west, and the mountainous and hilly regions of the Eastern United States. Alaska and Hawaii also experience all types of landslides. Landslides in the United States cause approximately $3.5 billion (year 2001 dollars) in damage, and kill between 25 and 50 people annually. Casualties in the United States are primarily caused by rockfalls, rock slides, and debris flows.
Worldwide, landslides occur and cause thousands of casualties and billions in monetary losses annually. The information presented here provides an introductory primer on understanding basic scientific facts about landslides-the different types of landslides, how they are initiated, and some basic information about how they can begin to be managed as a hazard. Slides. Hazards and Mud Volcanoes in Romania - Link to article. A Landslide Susceptibility Study for Romania. Report on Landslides in Romania (we will use the map on page 24)
GIS Landslide Hazard Map of Romania. Tool for Disaster Management and Spatial Planning Dan Balteanu GIS landslide-hazard maps are a common and useful tool for people involved in disaster management, spatial planning and disaster recovery, providing an image of the most susceptible areas and so enabling better pre-, during and post-event decision-making. In assessing regional landslide hazards several issues must be considered. The place and time when a landslide may occur, its dimensions, how fast and far it will travel, the chance of human injury or damage to manmade objects, the frequency of landslides in a certain area, and the impact of future climatic change. View Larger Map This research was carried out due to a World Bank project on losses and insurance costs relating to disasters in Romania, and aims to provide a unitary basis for addressing landslide hazards in the country.
Geomorphic Hazard Models and Methods Triggering Factors Hazard Classes Risk Factors Detailed Studies Acknowledgments Further Reading. Discovering Romania-Wild Carpathia (Mountains of Transylvania) [FULL HD] [Ro sub] Carpathian Mountains timelapse. Landslides-What they are & their causes. Do-it-yourself experiments-Landslide.