Biographie : Isaac Newton. Mathématicien, physicien et astronome Théorie de la gravitation : "Tous les corps s'attirent avec une force proportionnelle à leur masse respective et inversement proportionnelle au carré de la distance qui les sépare". Né le 25 décembre 1642 selon le calendrier Julien, mais le 4 janvier 1643 si l'Angleterre avait suivi alors notre décompte actuel, Isaac Newton était si chétif qu'on aurait juré qu'il trépasserait dans la journée. En fait, c'est son père, un petit fermier, qui va décéder quelques mois plus tard. Sa mère, presque illettrée, se laisse consoler en 1645.
Portrait d'Isaac Newton réalisé par Godfrey Kneller De nature délicate, Isaac préfère jouer avec les filles. En 1661, il entre au Trinity College de Cambridge en qualité de « sizar », c'est-à-dire d'étudiant pauvre chargé des basses besognes comme vider les pots de chambre et porter le bois de chauffage en échange de la gratuité des études. En 1666, il ne s'agissait guère pour lui que d'une intuition. Newton et l'alchimie : A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Erwin Schrodinger. Erwin Schrödinger1887 - 1961 Erwin Schrödinger was the only son of well-educated parents. His father owned an oil cloth factory and was an amateur painter and botanist. Erwin was taught at home, by tutors and parents, until he was 11. He then attended school to prepare for university. He attended the University of Vienna where he was inspired by a brilliant young physicist, Friedrich Hasenhörl.
Schrödinger obtained his PhD in physics and took a position with the university, where he remained until World War I. His six years in Zurich were among the most productive in his career, though he didn't begin the work for which he was best known -- wave mechanics -- until 1925. Schrödinger began to think about explaining the movement of an electron in an atom as a wave.
In 1927 Schrödinger was offered the extremely prestigious job of replacing Max Planck when he retired from the University of Berlin. Related Features You Try It: Atom Builder. James Clerk Maxwell Foundation. Marie Curie. Biographie : Isaac Newton. Erwin Schrödinger - Please select. Niels Bohr - Biography. Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife Ellen, née Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius - his father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his mother came from a family distinguished in the field of education. After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of Professor C.
Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly endowed physicist, and took his Master's degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911. In the autumn of 1911 he made a stay at Cambridge, where he profited by following the experimental work going on in the Cavendish Laboratory under Sir J.J. Biographie : Paul Dirac. Physicien Fondements de la mécanique quantique, équation de Dirac, antimatière, QED, monopôle magnétique, statistique quantique des fermions, distribution de Dirac, action de Dirac-Born-Infeld, quantification des systèmes contraints... Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac est un physicien et mathématicien britannique né le 8 août 1902 à Bristol et mort le 20 octobre 1984 à Tallahassee, Floride (États-Unis). Certains le considèrent comme le second physicien théoricien du XX ième siècle juste après Einstein et probablement à égalité avec Feynman. Ayant passé un diplôme d’ingénieur électricien, il ne tarda pas à rejoindre l’Université de Cambridge où son directeur de thèse, Fowler, lui fit connaître la théorie quantique et les tout nouveaux travaux de Heisenberg sur ce sujet.
Comprenant l’approche de Heisenberg mieux que lui-même, il retrouva de façon indépendante l’essentielle de la formulation de la mécanique quantique donnée par Heisenberg, Born et Jordan. Werner Heisenberg - Biography. Werner Heisenberg was born on 5th December, 1901, at Würzburg. He was the son of Dr. August Heisenberg and his wife Annie Wecklein. His father later became Professor of the Middle and Modern Greek languages in the University of Munich.
It was probably due to his influence that Heisenberg remarked, when the Japanese physicist Yukawa discovered the particle now known as the meson and the term "mesotron" was proposed for it, that the Greek word "mesos" has no "tr" in it, with the result that the name "mesotron" was changed to "meson". Heisenberg went to the Maximilian school at Munich until 1920, when he went to the University of Munich to study physics under Sommerfeld, Wien, Pringsheim, and Rosenthal. During the winter of 1922-1923 he went to Göttingen to study physics under Max Born, Franck, and Hilbert. In 1923 he took his Ph.D. at the University of Munich and then became Assistant to Max Born at the University of Göttingen, and in 1924 he gained the venia legendi at that University. Wolfgang Pauli - Biography.
Wolfgang Pauli was born on April 25th, 1900 in Vienna. He received his early education in Vienna before studying at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld. He obtained his doctor's degree in 1921 and spent a year at the University of Göttingen as assistant to Max Born and a further year with Niels Bohr at Copenhagen. The years 1923-1928 were spent as a lecturer at the University of Hamburg before his appointment as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
During 1935-1936, he was visiting Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey and he had similar appointments at the University of Michigan (1931 and 1941) and Purdue University (1942). Pauli was outstanding among the brilliant mid-twentieth century school of physicists. Pauli helped to lay the foundations of the quantum theory of fields and he participated actively in the great advances made in this domain around 1945. Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1945. Max Planck - Biography. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, the son of Julius Wilhelm and Emma (née Patzig) Planck. His father was Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel, and later in Göttingen.
Planck studied at the Universities of Munich and Berlin, where his teachers included Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and received his doctorate of philosophy at Munich in 1879. He was Privatdozent in Munich from 1880 to 1885, then Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at Kiel until 1889, in which year he succeeded Kirchhoff as Professor at Berlin University, where he remained until his retirement in 1926.
Afterwards he became President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science, a post he held until 1937. The Prussian Academy of Sciences appointed him a member in 1894 and Permanent Secretary in 1912. This was not only Planck's most important work but also marked a turning point in the history of physics. Planck was twice married. Niels Bohr - Biography. Louis de Broglie. Louis de Broglie - Biography.
Erwin Schrödinger - Biography. Erwin Schrödinger was born on August 12, 1887, in Vienna, the only child of Rudolf Schrödinger, who was married to a daughter of Alexander Bauer, his Professor of Chemistry at the Technical College of Vienna. Erwin's father came from a Bavarian family which generations before had settled in Vienna. He was a highly gifted man with a broad education. After having finished his chemistry studies, he devoted himself for years to Italian painting. After this he took up botany, which resulted in a series of papers on plant phylogeny. Schrödinger's wide interests dated from his school years at the Gymnasium, where he not only had a liking for the scientific disciplines, but also appreciated the severe logic of ancient grammar and the beauty of German poetry.
(What he abhorred was memorizing of data and learning from books.) From 1906 to 1910 he was a student at the University of Vienna, during which time he came under the strong influence of Fritz Hasenöhrl, who was Boltzmann's successor.