How Not To Sort By Average Rating. By Evan Miller February 6, 2009 (Changes) Translations: Russian Ukrainian Estonian PROBLEM: You are a web programmer. You have users. Your users rate stuff on your site. WRONG SOLUTION #1: Score = (Positive ratings) − (Negative ratings) Why it is wrong: Suppose one item has 600 positive ratings and 400 negative ratings: 60% positive. Sites that make this mistake: Urban Dictionary WRONG SOLUTION #2: Score = Average rating = (Positive ratings) / (Total ratings) Why it is wrong: Average rating works fine if you always have a ton of ratings, but suppose item 1 has 2 positive ratings and 0 negative ratings. Sites that make this mistake: Amazon.com CORRECT SOLUTION: Score = Lower bound of Wilson score confidence interval for a Bernoulli parameter Say what: We need to balance the proportion of positive ratings with the uncertainty of a small number of observations.
(Use minus where it says plus/minus to calculate the lower bound.) UPDATE, March 2016: Here’s the same formula in Excel: Wilson, E.
Brograms and the Power of Vaporware. Recently, Google’s Sergey Brin made waves—or at least invoked a collective eye-roll—when he termed current smartphone technology “emasculating” and suggested Google glass as an antidote. Offering a pair of computer-infused glasses as the solution to the problem of technological emasculation seems as though it might be the punchline to a joke. But Brin’s offhanded comment provoked enormous ire because the history of computing, and indeed computing’s present, is rife with examples of attempts to gender technologies in ham-handed and often offensive ways. Envisioning technologies that have very little to do with one gender or the other as somehow being masculine or feminine has a long pedigree.
The needs of business, government, or even consumers, often result in technologies that become understood as somehow being resoundingly masculine-coded or feminine-coded. Take, for example, early computer programming: Video: Women programming the ENIAC, by re-plugging the hardware. Lynn Conway's homepage. Links to earlier key pages in website: Link to mainpage as of 2012 Reflections As My Trans-Advocacy Pages Pass into History [See also "Mementos From Trans-Advocacy, below] In the early 2000's, this website began providing gender transitioners with information, encouragement and hope for a better future.
Among its most popular sections were the "Transsexual Women's Successes" and "Successful Transmen". Back then, trans women especially were considered sexually-deviant and mentally-ill by prejudiced psychiatrists and psychologists. By compiling stories of those who went on to fulfilling lives after transition, the pages undermined the pathologization of gender variance by prominent psychiatric thought leaders – and provided role models and hope for the many people then in transition. The site also exposed, as a myth, the time-worn pronouncement that transsexualism is 'extremely rare'.
Adventuring Quoem re Adventuring: "It's never too late to have a happy childhood. " – Tom Robbins Introduction: TeraGrid. Www.mrpowell.net/progra/ti/ti8384/ti8384.htm. C++ Language Tutorial. This website uses cookies. By continuing, you give permission to deploy cookies, as detailed in our privacy policy. ok Search: Not logged in C++ Language These tutorials explain the C++ language from its basics up to the newest features introduced by C++11. Introduction Compilers Basics of C++ Program structure Compound data types Classes Other language features C++ Standard Library Input/Output with files Tutorials C++ LanguageAscii CodesBoolean OperationsNumerical Bases C++ Language Introduction:CompilersBasics of C++:Program structure:Compound data types:Classes:Other language features:Standard library:Input/output with files.
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