guilds and organisations
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The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hanse or Hansa ; Low German : Hanse , Dudesche Hanse , Latin : Hansa , Hansa Teutonica or Liga Hanseatica ) was an economic alliance of trading cities and their merchant guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe . It stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period ( c. 13th–17th centuries). The League was created to protect commercial interests and privileges granted by foreign rulers in cities and countries the merchants visited. The Hanseatic cities had their own legal system and furnished their own protection and mutual aid.
Hanseatic League - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One of the legacies of the guilds, the elevated Windsor Guildhall was originally a meeting place for guilds, as well as magistrates' seat and town hall . A guild (German: Gilde) is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers.
Guild - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Secret Society Buildings at Yale College", by Alice Donlevy [ 1 ] ca. 1880. Pictured are: Psi Upsilon (Beta Chapter), 120 High Street. Left center: Skull & Bones (Russell Trust Association), 44 High Street. Right center: Delta Kappa Epsilon (Phi Chapter), east side of York Street, south of Elm Street. Bottom: Scroll and Key (Kingsley Trust Association), 490 College Street.
Secret society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American Mafia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The American Mafia (or simply the Mafia in the United States ), is an Italian-American criminal society. Much like the Sicilian Mafia , the American Mafia has no formal name and is a secret criminal society. Its members usually refer to it as Cosa Nostra or by its English translation "our thing" (or "this thing of ours"). The press has also coined the name " National Crime Syndicate " to refer to the entirety of U.S. organized crime , including the Mafia.
Organized crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Al Capone , a name often associated with organized crime. Organized crime or criminal organizations are transnational , national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit . Some criminal organizations, such as terrorist organizations , are politically motivated.
Caste - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Caste is a system of social stratification, where an individual's identity is a consequence of birth and ancestry, their worth intrinsic and unequal. [ 1 ] A pure caste system is a closed system, which allows for little change in social position. This is because birth alone determines a person's entire future, allowing little or no social mobility based on individual effort. [ 2 ] It is found in many parts of the world. Here is a picture representing the casta , a caste system prevalent in Latin America during the Spanish colonial period.Cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A cartel is a formal (explicit) agreement among competing firms. It is a formal organization of producers and manufacturers that agree to fix prices, marketing, and production. [ 1 ] Cartels usually occur in an oligopolistic industry , where there is a small number of sellers and usually involve homogeneous products . Cartel members may agree on such matters as price fixing , total industry output, market shares , allocation of customers, allocation of territories, bid rigging , establishment of common sales agencies, and the division of profits or combination of these. The aim of such collusion (also called the cartel agreement ) is to increase individual members' profits by reducing competition. One can distinguish private cartels from public cartels . In the public cartel a government is involved to enforce the cartel agreement, and the government's sovereignty shields such cartels from legal actions.