Dogmatic theology. Dogmatic theology is that part of theology dealing with the theoretical truths of faith concerning God and his works, especially the official theology recognized by an organized Church body, such as the Roman Catholic Church, Dutch Reformed Church, etc. At times, apologetics or fundamental theology is called "general dogmatic theology", dogmatic theology proper being distinguished from it as "special dogmatic theology". However, in present-day use, apologetics is no longer treated as part of dogmatic theology but has attained the rank of an independent science, being generally regarded as the introduction to and foundation of dogmatic theology. The term "dogmatic theology" became more widely used following the Protestant Reformation and was used to designate the articles of faith that the Church had officially formulated.
Definition[edit] Dogmatic theology emphasizes the importance of propositional truth over experiential, sensory perceptions. Origin of the term[edit] References[edit] Islamic theology. Islamic theology is a discipline which studies the various belief systems in Islam. Sunni Islam[edit] Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam and are known as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h or simply as Ahl as-Sunnah. The word Sunni comes from the word sunnah, which means the teachings and actions or examples of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Therefore, the term "Sunni" refers to those who follow or maintain the sunnah of the prophet Muhammad. The Sunnis believe that Muhammad did not specifically appoint a successor to lead the Muslim ummah (community) before his death, and after an initial period of confusion, a group of his most prominent companions gathered and elected Abu Bakr Siddique, Muhammad's close friend and a father-in-law, as the first caliph of Islam.
Schools of theology[edit] Aqidah is an Islamic term meaning "creed" or "belief". Textualist approach[edit] Athari The Athari school derives its name from the Arabic word Athar, meaning "narrations. " Kalām[edit] Ash'ari. Christian theology. "Christian doctrine" redirects here. For the United States Court case known by that name, see G.L. Christian and associates v. US. Christian theology is the enterprise which seeks to construct a coherent system of Christian belief and practice. This is based primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and the New Testament as well as the historic traditions of Christians.
Systematic theology is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of the Christian faith and beliefs. Christian theology has permeated much of Western culture, especially in pre-modern Europe. Prolegomena: Scripture as the basis of theology[edit] Biblical revelation[edit] Revelation is the revealing or disclosing, or making something obvious through active or passive communication with God, and can originate directly from God, or through an agent, such as an angel.
Biblical inspiration[edit] Rembrandt's The Evangelist Matthew Inspired by an Angel. Some[who?] John the Apostle. The Church Fathers generally identify him as the author of five books in the New Testament: the Gospel of John, three Epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation. In The History of The Church, Eusebius says that the books of first John, and the gospel of John are heavily agreed upon as his. However Eusibius mentions that the consensus is that second and third are not his, but of some other John. Eusebius also goes to a length to establish with the reader that there is no general consensus regarding the Revelation of John. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the book of Revelation.[2]The Gospel according to John differs considerably from the synoptic gospels, likely written decades earlier than John's Gospel.
The bishops of Asia Minor supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the Ebionites, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. In the Bible[edit] Extrabiblical traditions[edit] The Acts of John Tradition[edit] Maximus the Confessor. Maximus the Confessor (Greek: Μάξιμος ὁ Ὁμολογητής) also known as Maximus the Theologian and Maximus of Constantinople (c. 580 – 13 August 662) was a Christian monk, theologian, and scholar.
Life[edit] Early life[edit] Involvement in Monothelite controversy[edit] Trial and exile[edit] Maximus' refusal to accept Monothelitism caused him to be brought to the imperial capital of Constantinople to be tried as a heretic in 658. In Constantinople, the Monothelite heresy had gained the favor of both the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantinople. Maximus stood behind the Dyothelite position, and was sent back into exile for four more years. Legacy[edit] Along with Pope Martin I, Maximus was vindicated by the Third Council of Constantinople (the Sixth Ecumenical Council, 680–681), which declared that Christ possessed both a human and a divine will. Maximus is among those Christians who were venerated as saints shortly after their deaths. Theology[edit] Reception[edit] Writings[edit] References[edit] Augustine of Hippo. In the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion, he is a saint, a pre-eminent Doctor of the Church, and the patron of the Augustinians.
His memorial is celebrated on 28 August, the day of his death. He is the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, the alleviation of sore eyes, and a number of cities and dioceses.[11] Many Protestants, especially Calvinists, consider him to be one of the theological fathers of the Protestant Reformation due to his teachings on salvation and divine grace. In the East, many of his teachings are not accepted. Life[edit] Childhood and education[edit] At the age of 17, through the generosity of his fellow citizen Romanianus,[24] Augustine went to Carthage to continue his education in rhetoric.
At about the age of 19, Augustine began an affair with a young woman in Carthage. Teaching rhetoric[edit] During the years 373 and 374, Augustine taught grammar at Thagaste. Augustine won the job and headed north to take up his position in late 384. Relics[edit] Origen. Eastern Orthodox Christian theology. Trinity[edit] Christology[edit] Orthodox Christians believe in the dual nature of Christ. He is both 100% God and 100% human, Perfect God (τέλειος Θεός) and Perfect Human (τέλειος άνθρωπος). Throughout the ages this has been a point of contention between Christian break away groups (Heterodox) and the mainstream believers (Orthodox).
This means that Christ had a divine will and a human will. He had a human body able to suffer the same way as we would, but at the same time, He was perfectly divine and could not suffer corruption. "That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. " Orthodox Christians believe that Jesus Christ is the Messiah, Saviour and Son of God and that he was begotten before all ages. Essence and Energies[edit] In discussing God's relationship to his creation a distinction is made within Orthodox theology between God's eternal essence and uncreated energies, though it is understood that this does not compromise the divine simplicity. Salvation[edit] Sin[edit]