Genetics

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http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0005174 The kings of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty (1516–1700) frequently married close relatives in such a way that uncle-niece, first cousins and other consanguineous unions were prevalent in that dynasty.

The Role of Inbreeding in the Extinction of a European Royal Dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreeding_depression A concept in biology , outbreeding depression refers to cases when offspring from crosses between individuals from different populations have lower fitness than progeny from crosses between individuals from the same population. [ 1 ] The concept is opposed to inbreeding depression . This phenomenon can occur in two ways. First, intermediate genotypes may be disfavored.

Outbreeding depression