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Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning , also known as induction or informally " bottom-up " logic , [ 1 ] is a kind of reasoning that constructs or evaluates general propositions that are derived from specific examples. Inductive reasoning contrasts with deductive reasoning , in which specific examples are derived from general propositions. [ edit ] Definition
Deductive reasoning , also deductive logic or logical deduction or, informally, " top-down " logic , [ 1 ] is the process of reasoning from one or more general statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. [ 2 ] Deductive reasoning links premises with conclusions . If all premises are true, the terms are clear , and the rules of deductive logic are followed, then the conclusion reached is necessarily true . Deductive reasoning (top-down logic) contrasts with inductive reasoning (bottom-up logic) in the following way: In deductive reasoning, a conclusion is reached from general statements, but in inductive reasoning the conclusion is reached from specific examples. (Note, however, that the inductive reasoning mentioned here is not the same as induction used in mathematical proofs - mathematical induction is actually a form of deductive reasoning.)
Deductive reasoning
Wilhelm Reich
Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian psychoanalyst , a member of the second generation of psychoanalysts after Sigmund Freud , and one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry. He was the author of several influential books and essays, most notably Character Analysis (1933), The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933), and The Sexual Revolution (1936). [ 2 ] His work on character contributed to the development of Anna Freud 's The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), and his idea of muscular armour – the expression of the personality in the way the body moves – shaped innovations such as body psychotherapy , Fritz Perls 's Gestalt therapy , Alexander Lowen 's bioenergetic analysis , and Arthur Janov 's primal therapy . His writing influenced generations of intellectuals: during the 1968 student uprisings in Paris and Berlin, students scrawled his name on walls and threw copies of The Mass Psychology of Fascism at the police. [ 3 ]