Reported Speech. Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) Wh- Question Clauses – Reported / Indirect Speech. Restate a question within a clause (reported speech) Quoted Questions vs. Restated Questions Wh-question: Who, What, Where, Why, When and How The main clause (matrix clause) is the independent clause and the subordinate clause (embedded clause) is the dependent clause. In reported speech, no additional punctuation (quotation marks, comma, or question mark) is used. Related page Quotation Marks. Ask Synonyms ask (V) – request information → My father always asks how I am doing. Also see Said Synonyms. Adjustments Word Order / Person & Number ¹subordinate marker – who, what, where, why, when, how perspective (N) – point of view; how someone relates to surroundings: person (you, i we); place (here, there); time (now, then); direction (coming, going) See deixis.
Time / Location ¹subordinate marker– who, what, where, why, when, how ²direction: change coming to going if both speaker and listener do not share a location Adjusting Perspective (deixis) Adjusting Perspective Deictic words Person Deixis. Reported Speech. Exercises on Reported Speech If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.
Statements When transforming statements, check whether you have to change: pronouns present tense verbs (3rd person singular) place and time expressions tenses (backshift) → more on statements in reported speech Questions When transforming questions, check whether you have to change: Also note that you have to: transform the question into an indirect question use the interrogative or if / whether → more on questions in reported speech Requests pronouns place and time expressions → more on requests in reported speech Additional Information and Exeptions → more on additional information and exeptions in reported speech Requests in Reported Speech. Reported Speech. What did the teacher say? (Reported Speech) Lucimara Mello (I-TESL-J) Upper-intermediate grammar exercise: reported speech.
Advanced Grammar | Reporting Verbs Exercise. Random Idea English: Reported speech - lesson and exercises. Constructing reported speech involves using a mixture of some basic rules and your common sense. When using the first doesn't sound natural, use the second. The main idea is that it should make sense to the listener. This is a fairly detailed but not exhaustive look at reported speech. I hope to follow it up with some more advanced vocabulary and exercises fairly soon. Click and Drop - Where you see this sign, mouse over for instructions Basic principles Exercise 1 - Convert the direct statements and questions into reported speech. Basic rules In both reported statements and questions verbs usually go one tense back (backshifting)pronouns, possessives and other determiners may have to be changedtime references may have to be made non-time-specificplace references may need to be changed Note These are not fixed rules, but reflect that: Additionally in reported questions in the main question, change question order to statement orderin yes/no questions, add if or whether Patricia isn't here today.
Reported Speech - Grammar Exercises. Additional Information and Exceptions in Reported Speech. • Start › Cram Up › Grammar › Reported Speech › Additional Information and Exceptions in Reported Speech Main Clauses connected with and / but If two complete main clauses are connected with ‚and‘ or ‚but‘, put ‚that‘ after the conjunction.
Example: He said,“I saw her but she didn’t see me.“ – He said that he had seen her but that she hadn’t seen him.“ If the subject is left out in the second main clause (the conjunction is followed by a verb), do not use ‚that‘. She said,“I am a nurse and work in a hospital.“ – He said that she was a nurse and worked in a hospital Tense of the Introductory Clause The introductory clause usually is in Past Tense. He said that … Present Tense is often used to report a conversation that is still going on, e. g. during a phone call or while reading a letter. “I am fine.“ – Tom says / writes that he is fine. The introductory clause can also be in another tense.
Backshift in Reported Speech Exceptions Beispiel: “Canberra is the capital of Australia Requests. Tolearnenglish. Learn English - Advanced #5 - Using Reported Speech in English. Audio Lesson Archives Video Lesson Archives Download Audio and Video Lessons Add Lesson to Dashboard Basic Lesson Checklist Premium Lesson Checklist The Review Track Dialogue Only Track Mark This Lesson Complete Mark This Lesson as Favorite Kanji Close Up PDF Lesson Notes Pop Out Audio Player My Notes Control Audio Speed Glorious Fullscreen Video Our team of English language specialists have been releasing new audio and video lessons weekly.
Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and unlock our entire lesson archive today! Our team of English language specialists have been releasing new audio and video lessons weekly. Want to learn offline or on-the-go? Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and start listening today! Customize your learning with your very own Dashboard. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and create your personalized Dashboard today! Having trouble staying on track? Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and stay on the fast track to fluency with the Basic Lesson Checklist today! Reported speech 1. Look at these examples to see how we can tell someone what another person said. direct speech: 'I love the Toy Story films,' she said. indirect speech: She said she loved the Toy Story films.direct speech: 'I worked as a waiter before becoming a chef,' he said. indirect speech: He said he'd worked as a waiter before becoming a chef.direct speech: 'I'll phone you tomorrow,' he said. indirect speech: He said he'd phone me the next day.
Try this exercise to test your grammar. Read the explanation to learn more. Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. Direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel. indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank. In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). Present simple, present continuous and present perfect 'I travel a lot in my job.' Past simple and past continuous 'We lived in China for five years.' Past perfect No backshift Past perfect.
Grammar - Advanced: Wishes & Regrets, Reported Speech. Reporting Verbs for Advanced Level ESL Learners and Classes. When using reported speech, most students learn to use "say" and "tell": Examples: John told me he was going to stay late at work. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend. These forms are perfectly correct for reporting what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures. For more information on reported speech, this overview of reported speech provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form.
Related Grammar Basic Reported (Indirect) Speech Indirect Speech Transformations Quiz 1 Indirect Speech Transformations Quiz 2 More Grammar Reference. Reported speech exercises. Passive Voice. Passive Voice Flashcard for Teaching ESL Passives. Passive Voice - English Lesson. STUDY AIDS (self-study) - The Passive Voice in English 3 (Mixed tenses) Passive Voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid It. Printable PDF Version Fair-Use Policy What is passive voice? In English, all sentences are in either "active" or "passive" voice: active: Werner Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle in 1927. passive: The uncertainty principle was formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1927.
In an active sentence, the person or thing responsible for the action in the sentence comes first. In a passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first, and the actor is added at the end, introduced with the preposition "by. " The passive form of the verb is signaled by a form of "to be": in the sentence above, "was formulated" is in passive voice while "formulated" is in active. In a passive sentence, we often omit the actor completely: The uncertainty principle was formulated in 1927. When do I use passive voice? In some sentences, passive voice can be perfectly acceptable. The actor is unknown: The cave paintings of Lascaux were made in the Upper Old Stone Age. When should I avoid passive voice?
Tolearnenglish. Some complex passive voice sentences - English Language Learners Stack Exchange. The first phrase could have been: He's been putting up with it, his whole life. You put up with something that is annoying, irritating, or painful. For instance, he may suffer from severe backache but because there is no cure, and the doctors cannot help him, he has no choice but to put up with the pain. Now, why anyone would put this type of sentence in the passive voice is quite beyond me. The agent, the man, is not performing an action on his back, rather it his back that is inflicting an action.
The original phrase is however: He has been putting it up his whole life the passive voice equivalent is: It has been being put up his whole life But it sounds awkward, clumsy, unnatural and confusing. Active 1) He wrote two books about Moriarty. P 3 Sounds confusing, despite it being grammatically correct. For sentence number 2 it is exactly as @relaxing stated in his answer. It used to be said in similar situations Compare Mary used to do the cooking. Active and Passive Voice Usage (UBC Science Writing) –[Multimedia-English videos] Past Continuous Tense, Describing Past Activities. Untitled. English Grammar: a complete guide.
ESL Quizzes - Pronouns (Vera Mello)I-TESL-J. Interrogative Pronouns. MYSELF, YOURSELF: Introduction to Reflexive Pronouns in English. A Guide To Proper Comma Use. English Grammar - Free Lesson Plans.