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Casimir forces on parallel plates A water wave analogue of the Casimir effect.

Casimir effect

Continuous spectrum Absorption lines for air, under indirect illumination, with the direct light source not visible, so that the gas is not directly between source and detector. Here, Fraunhofer lines in sunlight and Rayleigh scattering of this sunlight is the "source."

Spectral line

Polarization (waves)

Polarization on rubber thread. (Circularly→linearly polarized standing wave.)

Laser

Red (635 nm), green (532 nm), and blue-violet (445 nm) lasers

The electromagnetic waves that compose electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. This diagram shows a plane linearly polarized EMR wave propagating from left to right.

Electromagnetic radiation

Diffraction

$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction$ Computer generated intensity pattern formed on a screen by diffraction from a square aperture.

3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane A molecule ( pron.: / ˈ m ɒ l ɪ k juː l / ) is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge. However, in quantum physics , organic chemistry , and biochemistry , the term molecule is often used less strictly, also being applied to polyatomic ions .

Molecule

Atom

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons . The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons (except in the case of hydrogen-1 , which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons).