Goethe's Faust. Sculptural depiction of Mephistopheles bewitching the students in the scene Auerbachs Keller from Faust at the entrance of today's pub Auerbachs Keller in Leipzig Goethe completed a preliminary version of Part One in 1806. The 1808 publication was followed by the revised 1828–29 edition, which was the last to be edited by Goethe himself. Prior to these appeared a partial printing in 1790 of Faust, a Fragment. The earliest forms of the work, known as the Urfaust, were developed between 1772 and 1775; however, the details of that development are no longer entirely clear[clarification needed].
Urfaust has twenty-two scenes, one in prose, two largely prose and the remaining 1,441 lines in rhymed verse. The manuscript is lost, but a copy was discovered in 1886.[2] Goethe finished writing Faust Part Two in 1831. The First Part of the Tragedy[edit] Faust I, first edition, 1808 The principal characters of Faust Part One include: The Second Part of the Tragedy[edit] Faust II, first edition, 1832. Don Quixote. Published in two volumes, in 1605 and 1615, Don Quixote is considered the most influential work of literature from the Spanish Golden Age and the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature,[citation needed] and one of the earliest canonical novels, it regularly appears high on lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published, such as the Bokklubben World Library collection which cites Don Quixote as authors' choice for the "best literary work ever written",[1] and has been translated into more languages than any book other than the Bible.
[citation needed] It has had major influence on the literary community, as evidenced by direct references in Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers (1844) and Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). Summary[edit] Miguel de Cervantes said that the first chapters are taken from "The Archive of La Mancha" and the rest translated from the Arabic from the Moorish author Cid Hamet Ben Engeli.
Part 1[edit] A Farewell to Arms. A Farewell to Arms is about a love affair between the expatriate American Henry and Catherine Barkley against the backdrop of the First World War, cynical soldiers, fighting and the displacement of populations. The publication of A Farewell to Arms cemented his stature as a modern American writer,[1] became his first best-seller, and is described by biographer Michael Reynolds as "the premier American war novel from that debacle World War I. "[2] Plot summary[edit] Censorship[edit] In early editions, the words "shit", "fuck", and "cocksucker" were replaced with dashes.[4] There are at least two copies of the first edition in which Hemingway re-inserted the censored text by hand, so as to provide a corrected text.
One of these copies was presented to Maurice Coindreau; the other, to James Joyce.[4] Hemingway's corrected text has not been incorporated into modern published editions of the novel; however, there are some audiobook versions that are uncensored. Adaptations[edit] References[edit] The Sun Also Rises. The first edition of The Sun Also Rises published in 1926 by Scribner's, with dust jacket illustrated by Cleonike Damianakes. The Hellenic jacket design "breathed sex yet also evoked classical Greece".[1] The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel written by American author Ernest Hemingway about a group of American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights.
An early and enduring modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is "recognized as Hemingway's greatest work",[2] and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel.[3] The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by the publishing house Scribner's. Hemingway began writing the novel on his birthday (21 July) in 1925, finishing the draft manuscript barely two months later in September.
Background[edit] Publication history[edit] Divine Comedy. Dante shown holding a copy of the Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, with the spheres of Heaven above, in Michelino's fresco On the surface, the poem describes Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven;[4] but at a deeper level, it represents, allegorically, the soul's journey towards God.[5] At this deeper level, Dante draws on medieval Christian theology and philosophy, especially Thomistic philosophy and the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas.[6] Consequently, the Divine Comedy has been called "the Summa in verse".[7] The work was originally simply titled Commedìa and was later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio.
The first printed edition to add the word divina to the title was that of the Venetian humanist Lodovico Dolce,[8] published in 1555 by Gabriele Giolito de' Ferrari. Structure and story[edit] The last word in each of the three parts of the Divine Comedy is stelle ("stars"). Inferno[edit] The Art of War. Inscribed bamboo slips of The Art of War, unearthed in Yinque Mountain, Linyi, Shandong in 1972, dated back to the 2nd century BC. The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist and tactician. The text is composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare.
It is commonly known to be the definitive work on military strategy and tactics of its time. It has been the most famous and influential of China's Seven Military Classics, and "for the last two thousand years it remained the most important military treatise in Asia, where even the common people knew it by name The book was first translated into the French language in 1772 by French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905.
Themes[edit] Sun Tzu considered war as a necessary evil that must be avoided whenever possible. The 13 chapters[edit] The Book of Five Rings. The Book of Five Rings (五輪書, Go Rin No Sho?) Is a text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general, written by the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645. There have been various translations made over the years, and it enjoys an audience considerably broader than only that of martial artists: for instance, some business leaders find its discussion of conflict and taking the advantage to be relevant to their work. The modern-day Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū employs it as a manual of technique and philosophy. Musashi establishes a "no-nonsense" theme throughout the text. Musashi describes and advocates a two-sword style (nitōjutsu): that is, wielding both katana and wakizashi, contrary to the more traditional method of wielding the katana two-handed.
The five books[edit] Although it is difficult to grasp it from the book, Go Rin No Sho, these books are actually the teachings which Musashi preached to his students in his own dōjō. The term "Ichi School" is referred to in the book, Go Rin No Sho. The Winter King. The Winter King is the first novel of the Warlord Chronicles by Bernard Cornwell. It was published in 1995 in the UK by Penguin Group. Plot introduction[edit] The novel is divided into five parts. It tells the story of how Arthur became warlord of Great Britain despite illegitimacy to the throne. After being banished to Armorica by his father High King Uther, Arthur returns to protect the new king, his nephew the baby Mordred. Plot summary[edit] Part One: A Child in Winter[edit] The Kingdom of Dumnonia is in chaos. Mordred and his mother are brought to Merlin's hall at Ynys Wydryn (Glastonbury), where she and the child are placed under the care of Merlin's priestesses, Morgan (Arthur's sister) and Nimue (Merlin's lover).
High King Uther summons a high council of the Kings of Britain at Glevum (Gloucester). After Uther dies Mordred, still only a baby, is pronounced King of Dumnonia. The group flee with Gundleus in pursuit. Part Two: The Princess Bride[edit] Part Five: The Shield Wall[edit] Roverandom. "Roverandom" is a novella written by J.R.R. Tolkien, originally told in 1925. It deals with the adventures of a young dog, Rover.
In the story, an irritable wizard turns Rover into a toy, and Rover goes to the moon and under the sea in order to find the wizard again to turn him back into a normal-sized dog. The author wrote Roverandom for his son Michael Tolkien to amuse him upon the loss of his favorite toy — a little leaden dog. The work is in tone a children's story, but contains many allusions and references in the manner of "Farmer Giles of Ham". It was submitted for publication in 1937 after the success of The Hobbit, but was not published for over sixty years — finally being released in 1998. Characters[edit] Major Rover(andom) - The main character. Minor Tinker - The cat who Rover lived with before becoming a toy.Little Boy Two - The boy who owned Rover as a toy.
Places[edit] The Moon - Rover goes to the Moon seeking the Man in the Moon's help. Sources[edit]