George Bonanno. An article in Lingua Franca described Bonanno as resembling "the Grim Reaper himself, albeit in tanned, rested form.
"[9] His contributions to the field, summarized in his book, "The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss,"[10] include the following: Resilience[edit] Bonanno's research found psychological resilience to be at the core of human grief and trauma reactions. Controversy. Other critics have claimed the opposite, that far from being misguided, the idea that humans are resilient is so obvious that it is simplistic.[18] Others have countered that it may seem simple, but the idea has escaped researchers for the century between Freud's work and Bonanno's.[18] Policy and treatment for the past century has relied on the false idea that humans are not resilient, a costly mistake in human and monetary terms.
Kübler-Ross model. The model was first introduced by Swiss-American Psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying, and was inspired by her work with terminally ill patients.[1] Motivated by the lack of curriculum in medical schools on the subject of death and dying, Kübler-Ross began a project which examined death and those faced with it while working as an instructor at the University of Chicago's medical school.
Kübler-Ross' project evolved into a series of seminars which, along with patient interviews and previous research became the foundation for her book, and revolutionized how the U.S. medical field takes care of the terminally ill. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (* 8.
Juli 1926 in Zürich; † 24. August 2004 in Scottsdale, Arizona) war eine schweizerisch-US-amerikanische Psychiaterin. Sie befasste sich mit dem Tod und dem Umgang mit Sterbenden, mit Trauer und Trauerarbeit sowie mit Nahtoderfahrungen[1] und gilt als Begründerin der Sterbeforschung. Personalidad histriónica « Apoyo Psicológico Online. Jacques Lacan. Jacques-Marie Émile Lacan Leben und Werk[Bearbeiten] Lacan war bis an sein Lebensende praktizierender Psychoanalytiker.
Aufgrund seiner unorthodoxen Behandlungsmethoden (er variierte beispielsweise die Sitzungsdauer willkürlich, verkürzte sie bisweilen auf wenige Minuten[2] und behandelte vorschriftswidrig akut suizidgefährdete Patienten) wurde er von manchen Kollegen als Scharlatan angesehen. In den Jahren 1953 bis 1954 vollführte Lacan eine Wendung, mit der er seine Anlehnung an Hegel (Hegelianismus Kojèvescher Art) zugunsten des Strukturalismus aufgab.[3] Als Lacan sich mit der Funktion des Symbolischen und der Notwendigkeit eines Vertrags zwischen dem „Ich“ und dem „kleinen Anderen“ beschäftigte, stützte er sich auf den Begriff der „Struktur“, der genau äquivalent zu dem der „Sprache“ ist. Er starb an Nierenversagen am 9. Lacans Werk gilt als äußerst schwer zugänglich.
Defence mechanism. A defence mechanism is a coping technique that reduces anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful impulses.[1] Defence mechanisms are unconscious and are not to be confused with conscious coping strategies.[2] Sigmund Freud was one of the first proponents of this construct.[3] Healthy persons normally use different defences throughout life.
An ego defence mechanism becomes pathological only when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behaviour such that the physical or mental health of the individual is adversely affected. The purpose of ego defence mechanisms is to protect the mind/self/ego from anxiety and/or social sanctions and/or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot currently cope.[9] One resource used to evaluate these mechanisms is the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40).[10][11] Structural model: Id, ego, and superego[edit]
Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Body - Brain Map. Stressor. Als Stressoren (auch: Stressfaktoren) werden alle inneren und äußeren Reize bezeichnet, die Stress verursachen und dadurch das betroffene Individuum zu einer Anpassungsreaktion veranlassen. Der Organismus interpretiert die auf ihn einwirkenden Reize und ihre Auswirkungen für die jeweilige Situation und bewertet sie entweder positiv oder negativ. Phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity can be defined as the ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype when exposed to different environments.
In many cases of phenotypic plasticity, changes in environmental conditions (e.g. temperature) cause different genes to be expressed in organisms. Generally, phenotypic plasticity is more important for immobile organisms (e.g. plants) than mobile organisms (e.g. most animals), as mobile organisms can often move away from unfavourable environments.[3] Nevertheless, mobile organisms also have at least some degree of plasticity in at least some aspects of the phenotype. One mobile organism with substantial phenotypic plasticity is Acyrthosiphon pisum of the Aphid family, which exhibits the ability to interchange between asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as growing wings between generations when plants become too populated.[4]
Selfish brain theory. The “Selfish Brain” theory describes the characteristic of the human brain to cover its own, comparably high energy requirements with the utmost of priorities when regulating energy fluxes in the organism.
The brain behaves selfishly in this respect. The "Selfish brain" theory amongst other things provides a possible explanation for the origin of obesity, the severe and pathological form of overweight. The Luebeck obesity and diabetes specialist Achim Peters developed the fundamentals of this theory between 1998 and 2004. The interdisciplinary “Selfish Brain: brain glucose and metabolic syndrome” research group headed by Peters and supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the University of Luebeck has in the meantime been able to reinforce the basics of the theory through experimental research. Cannibalism. The Carib tribe in the Lesser Antilles, from whom the word cannibalism derives, acquired a long-standing reputation as cannibals following the recording of their legends in the 17th century.[3] Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends and the prevalence of actual cannibalism in the culture.
Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. In a few cases in insular Melanesia, indigenous flesh-markets existed.[4] Fiji was once known as the 'Cannibal Isles'.[5] Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo to Māori New Zealand.[6] Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism,[7][8] and Neanderthals may have been eaten by anatomically modern humans.[9] Reasons In some societies, especially tribal societies, cannibalism is a cultural norm.
Medical aspects St. Sleight of mouth - Einführung. Sleight of mouth. The methods of neuro-linguistic programming are the specific techniques used to perform and teach Neuro-Linguistic Programming, a movement which teaches that people are only able to perceive a small part of the world using their conscious awareness, and that this view of the world is filtered by experience, beliefs, values, assumptions, and biological sensory systems.
Übertragung (Psychoanalyse) Man unterscheidet generell zwischen positiver und negativer Übertragung.
Bei der positiven Übertragung werden positive Anteile früherer Beziehungen (Liebe, Zuneigung, Vertrauen) übertragen, bei der negativen Übertragung negative Anteile (Hass, Abneigung, Wut, Misstrauen). Dabei ist zu beachten, dass meist beide Pole vorhanden sind, nur dass die eine Art der Übertragung im Vordergrund steht, der andere, unbewusste Gegenpart dagegen im Hintergrund. Triebtheorie. Der Begriff Triebtheorie umfasst eine Reihe von Theorien aus Ethologie, Psychologie und Psychoanalyse, denen die Auffassung gemeinsam ist, der Mensch werde wesentlich von einer mehr oder weniger großen Anzahl endogener, d. h. angeborener Triebe und Grundbedürfnisse gesteuert. Die bekannteste und einflussreichste Triebtheorie entwickelte Sigmund Freud. Mittlerweile wird das Triebkonzept in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur nur noch vereinzelt verwendet, wesentliche Elemente davon leben aber im moderneren Begriff der Motivation und des Motivationssystems weiter.
Triebarten nach Freud[Bearbeiten]