Neural Networks. Abstract This report is an introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. The various types of neural networks are explained and demonstrated, applications of neural networks like ANNs in medicine are described, and a detailed historical background is provided. The connection between the artificial and the real thing is also investigated and explained. Finally, the mathematical models involved are presented and demonstrated. Contents: 1. 1.1 What is a neural network? 1.2 Historical background 1.3 Why use neural networks? 1.4 Neural networks versus conventional computers - a comparison 2. 2.1 How the Human Brain Learns? 2.2 From Human Neurones to Artificial Neurones 3. 3.1 A simple neuron - description of a simple neuron 3.2 Firing rules - How neurones make decisions 3.3 Pattern recognition - an example 3.4 A more complicated neuron 4. 4.1 Feed-forward (associative) networks 4.2 Feedback (autoassociative) networks 4.3 Network layers 4.4 Perceptrons 5. 5.1 Transfer Function 5.3 The Back-Propagation Algorithm.
Least Squares Fitting--Power Law. Least Squares Fitting--Logarithmic. Least Squares Fitting--Exponential. Least Square Method.