Dokumenter. Simple Knowledge Organization System - Wikipedia, the free encyc. History[edit] DESIRE II project (1997–2000)[edit] The most direct ancestor to SKOS was the RDF Thesaurus work undertaken in the second phase of the EU DESIRE project [1][citation needed]. Motivated by the need to improve the user interface and usability of multi-service browsing and searching,[2] a basic RDF vocabulary for Thesauri was produced. As noted later in the SWAD-Europe workplan, the DESIRE work was adopted and further developed in the SOSIG and LIMBER projects. A version of the DESIRE/SOSIG implementation was described in W3C's QL'98 workshop, motivating early work on RDF rule and query languages: A Query and Inference Service for RDF.[3] LIMBER (1999-2001)[edit] SKOS built upon the output of the Language Independent Metadata Browsing of European Resources (LIMBER) project funded by the European Community, and part of the Information Society Technologies programme.
SWAD-Europe (2002-2004)[edit] Semantic web activity (2004-2005)[edit] Later status and roadmap (2006-2008)[edit] [edit] Ontology (information science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedi. In computer science and information science, an ontology formally represents knowledge as a hierarchy of concepts within a domain, using a shared vocabulary to denote the types, properties and interrelationships of those concepts.[1][2] Ontologies are the structural frameworks for organizing information and are used in artificial intelligence, the Semantic Web, systems engineering, software engineering, biomedical informatics, library science, enterprise bookmarking, and information architecture as a form of knowledge representation about the world or some part of it. The creation of domain ontologies is also fundamental to the definition and use of an enterprise architecture framework.
The term ontology has its origin in philosophy and has been applied in many different ways. The word element onto- comes from the Greek ὤν, ὄντος, ("being", "that which is"), present participle of the verb εἰμί ("be"). According to Gruber (1993): Common components of ontologies include: Semantic tools. Semantic tool A semantic tool is a tool that provides semantic information, that is, information about the meaning of words and other symbols as well as relations between symbols and concepts (semantic relations).
Dictionaries, online thesauri, ontologies and classifications may be considered examples of semantic tools, i.e. tools that help searchers find synonyms, disambiguate word senses, find broader or narrower terms, or, generally, identify different semantic relations. What all semantic tools have in common are 1) that they display in one way or another a set of symbols and concepts 2) that they provide information about semantic relations between the concepts displayed. Thesauri are typical semantic tools. What distinguish semantic tools are 1) the kind of symbols and concepts selected 2) the information provided about each concept, in particular its semantic relations to other terms and concepts). Kinds of semantic tools include: Literature: Eco, U. (1984). Rodget, P. Birger Hjørland. Cladistics.
Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, klados, i.e. "branch")[1] is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are grouped together based on whether or not they have one or more shared unique characteristics that come from the group's last common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors. Therefore, members of the same group are thought to share a common history and are considered to be more closely related.[2][3][4][5] The original methods used in cladistic analysis and the school of taxonomy derived from it originated in the work of the German entomologist Willi Hennig, who referred to it as phylogenetic systematics (also the title of his 1966 book); the use of the terms "cladistics" and "clade" was popularized by other researchers. Cladistics in the original sense refers to a particular set of methods used in phylogenetic analysis, although it is now sometimes used to refer to the whole field.
History of cladistics[edit] Methodology[edit] Terminology for taxa[edit]