Categories, Links, and Tags
Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags This piece is based on two talks I gave in the spring of 2005 -- one at the O'Reilly ETech conference in March, entitled "Ontology Is Overrated", and one at the IMCExpo in April entitled "Folksonomies & Tags: The rise of user-developed classification." The written version is a heavily edited concatenation of those two talks.
What is an Ontology?
This definition was originally proposed in 1992 and posted as shown below. See an updated definition of ontology (computer science) that accounts for the literature before and after that posting, with links to further readings. Short answer:
Visualizing Del.icio.us Roundup
I have been coming across many del.icio.us tools to visualize usage during my daily researching hours. So many, that I have decided to start making note of the ones I come across. From the span of about two weeks, I have been collecting as many as I could find. I will list each one along with a description. Enjoy!
SNOMED Clinical Terms - Summary
SNOMED CT has been created by combining SNOMED RT and a computer-based nomenclature and classification known as Read Codes Version 3, which was created on behalf of the U.K. Department of Health and is a Crown copyright. SNOMED CT Concept (SNOMED RT+CTV3) SNOMED CT January 2005 Release: 20050131 [R] SNOMED CT January 2003 Release: 20030131 [R]
Information géopolitique
The FAO geopolitical ontology and related services have been developed to facilitate data exchange and sharing in a standardized manner among systems managing information about countries and/or regions. The geopolitical ontology ensures that FAO and associated partners can rely on a master reference for geopolitical information, as it manages names in multiple languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Italian); maps standard coding systems (UN, ISO, FAOSTAT, AGROVOC, etc); provides relations among territories (land borders, group membership, etc); and tracks historical changes. Geopolitical ontology overview The geopolitical ontology has been populated using FAO, UN and internationally recognized data sources. The geopolitical ontology manages the following information:
Tag (metadata)
The use of keywords as part of an identification and classification system long predates computers. Paper data storage devices, notably edge-notched cards, that permitted classification and sorting by multiple criteria were already in use prior to the twentieth century, and faceted classification has been used by libraries since the 1930s. Online databases and early websites deployed keyword tags as a way for publishers to help users find content. In the early days of the World Wide Web, the keywords meta element was used by web designers to tell web search engines what the web page was about, but these keywords were only visible in a web page's source code and were not modifiable by users. "A Description of the Equator and Some ØtherLands", collaborative hypercinema portal, produced by documenta X, 1997.
Evaluation
Evaluation is often used to characterize to Only on, Rated, Created by, Exclusively on, Only from, Only at, Get it at, Designed for, Written by, Directed by, Produced by, Here on, Headquartered in, Located in, Do not, Available for, Available at and Has been. Definition[edit] Evaluation is the structured interpretation and giving of meaning to predicted or actual impacts of proposals or results.
LingPipe 的类似软件-共8个_fantastic
LingPipe是一个自然语言处理的Java开源工具包。LingPipe目前已有很丰富的功能，包括主题分类（Top Classification）、命名实体识别（Named Entity Recognition）、词性标注（Part-of Speech Tagging）、句题检测（Sentence Detection）、查询拼写检查（Query Spell Checking）、兴趣短语检测（Interseting Phrase Detection）、聚类（Clustering）、字符语言建模（Character Language Modeling）、医学文献下载/解析/索引（MEDLINE Download, Parsing and Indexing）、数据库文本挖掘（Database Text Mining）、中文分词（Chinese Word Segmentation）、情感分析（Sentiment Analysis）、语言辨别（Language Identification）等API。 LingPipe 的类似软件，共8个 中文自然语言处理工具包 FudanNLPFudanNLP主要是为中文自然语言处理而开发的工具包，也包含为实现这些任务的机器学习算法和数据集。
The complex dynamics of collaborative tagging
The debate within the Web community over the optimal means by which to organize information often pits formalized classifications against distributed collaborative tagging systems. A number of questions remain unanswered, however, regarding the nature of collaborative tagging systems including whether coherent categorization schemes can emerge from unsupervised tagging by users. This paper uses data from the social bookmarking site delicio. us to examine the dynamics of collaborative tagging systems. In particular, we examine whether the distribution of the frequency of use of tags for "popular" sites with a long history (many tags and many users) can be described by a power law distribution, often characteristic of what are considered complex systems. We produce a generative model of collaborative tagging in order to understand the basic dynamics behind tagging, including how a power law distribution of tags could arise.
Law
"Legal concept" redirects here. Lady Justice, a symbol of justice. She is depicted as a goddess equipped with three items: a sword, symbolising the coercive power of a court; scales, representing an objective standard by which competing claims are weighed; and a blindfold indicating that justice should be impartial and meted out objectively, without fear or favor and regardless of money, wealth, power or identity.[1] Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition,[2] but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour.[3] Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting in statutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including (in some jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that exclude the normal court process.
Ontology Summit 2012
This year's Ontology Summit is titled "Ontology for Big Systems" and seeks to explore, identify and articulate how ontological methods can bring value to the various disciplines required to engineer a "big system." The term "big system" is intended to cover a large scope that includes many of the terms encountered in the media such as: Established disciplines that fall within the summit scope include (but not limited to) systems engineering, software engineering, information systems modelling, and data mining.
Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is a collaborative movement led by international standards body the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).[1] The standard promotes common data formats on the World Wide Web. By encouraging the inclusion of semantic content in web pages, the Semantic Web aims at converting the current web, dominated by unstructured and semi-structured documents into a "web of data". The Semantic Web stack builds on the W3C's Resource Description Framework (RDF).[2]
