11258a Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... (on, ontos, being, and logos, science, the science or philosophy of being). Definition Though the term is used in this literal meaning by Clauberg (1625-1665) (Opp., p. 281), its special application to the first department of metaphysics was made by Christian von Wolff (1679-1754) (Philos. nat., sec. 73). Prior to this time "the science of being" had retained the titles given it by its founder Aristotle: "first philosophy", "theology", "wisdom". The objective concept of being in its widest range, as embracing the actual and potential, is first analyzed, the problems concerned with essence (nature) and existence, "act" and "potency" are discussed, and the primary principles — contradiction, identity, etc. — are shown to emerge from the concept of entity. History Sources APA citation.
lnc3 The notion of ontology has become rather prominent in linguistics over the last decade, and, through the development of Semantic Web technologies, it has received increased attention in artificial intelligence and computer science more generally. This paper provides an introduction to the notion of “ontology” and discusses ontologies in and for the discipline of linguistics. However, this is not a computational linguistics paper. Given the selected scenario of linguistic typology, the first issue to be noted is the sheer number of languages still spoken worldwide. The second issue with which many linguists and in particular students of the discipline struggle is the fact that there are many linguistic schools of thought, different linguistic theories and frameworks, and different ideas on how data should be annotated and analysed. A further issue motivating an ontological approach, as we will see, is the data formats linguists work with. 2.1 Prominent notions of “ontology” 4.3 Properties
.mit Scholars from many different disciplines examine consciousness through the lens of intellectual approaches and cultures ranging from cosmology research and cell biophysics laboratories to pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Tibetan Tantric Buddhism in a volume that extends consciousness studies beyond the limits of current neuroscience research. The "hard problem" of today's consciousness studies is subjective experience: understanding why some brain processing is accompanied by an experienced inner life. Recent scientific advances offer insights for understanding the physiological and chemical phenomenology of consciousness. But by leaving aside the internal experiential nature of consciousness in favor of mapping neural activity, such science leaves many questions unanswered. Contributors Karim Akerma, Matthijs Cornelissen, Antoine Courban, Mario Crocco, Christian de Quincey, Thomas B.
culanth At first blush, “ontology” and “politics” make strange bedfellows. Ontology evokes essence, while politics, as modern, democratic, multiculturalist citizens tend to understand it, is about debunking essences and affirming in their stead the world-making capacities of human collectives. Yet this notion of a social construction of reality itself instantiates a particular ontology, and a powerful one at that—and here we also mean politically powerful. Still, as anthropologists we are attuned to the “powers of the weak”—to the many complex connections, some of them crucially negative, between power differences (politics) and the powers of difference (ontology). How might “the otherwise” be rendered manifest ethnographically? Here, we need to remind ourselves that ethnographic descriptions, like all cultural translations, necessarily involve an element of transformation or even disfiguration. Notes
10 We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website.By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time. <a href=" Find out more</a> Skip to Main Content Centre College Centre College Sign In Register Close Advanced Search Article Navigation Volume 2018 Article Contents < Previous A survey of ontology learning techniques and applications Muhammad Nabeel Asim Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science (KICS), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Corresponding author: Phone: +92-333-6915422; Fax: +92-42-99250246; Email: nabeel.asim@kics.edu.pk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Muhammad Nabeel Asim, Muhammad Wasim Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Muhammad Wasim, Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Oxford Academic PubMed
www.sciencedirect 17.2.1 Ontological Technology Ontology was originally linked to philosophy where it means explanation or description of an objective existence, or in other words, the philosophy of being or the types of existence. Thus ontology in philosophy focuses on the abstract essence of objective reality. Neches et al. (1991) proposed the first definition for ontology in the artificial intelligence (AI) field, i.e., “an ontology defines the basic terms and relations comprising the vocabulary of a topic area as well as the rules for combining terms and relations to define extensions to the vocabulary.” However, a more popular definition of ontology was given by Gruber in 1993: “an ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization” (Gruber, 1993). On the basis of this definition, Borst defined ontology in his doctoral dissertation (Borst, 1997) as “an ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization.”
www.yourdictionary Usage notes In the field of philosophy there is some variation in how the term ontology is used. Ontology is a much more recent term than metaphysics and takes its root meaning explicitly from the Greek term for being. Origin Originally Latin ontologia (1606, Ogdoas Scholastica, by Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus)), from Ancient Greek ὤν (Ån, “on"), present participle of εἰμί (eimi, “being, existing, essence") + λόγος (logos, “account"). First known English use 1663: Archelogia philosophica nova; or, New principles of Philosophy. en.wikipedia An ontological argument is a philosophical argument for the existence of God that uses ontology. Many arguments fall under the category of the ontological, and they tend to involve arguments about the state of being or existing. More specifically, ontological arguments tend to start with an a priori theory about the organization of the universe. If that organizational structure is true, the argument will provide reasons why God must exist. The first ontological argument in the Western Christian tradition[1] was proposed by Anselm of Canterbury in his 1078 work Proslogion. Since its proposal, few philosophical ideas have generated as much interest and discussion as the ontological argument. Contemporary defenders of the ontological argument include Alvin Plantinga, William Alston and William Lane Craig. Classification[edit] William Lane Craig criticised Oppy's study as too vague for useful classification. Development[edit] Anselm[edit] René Descartes[edit] Baruch Spinoza[edit] Kurt Gödel[edit]
www.bartleby 2075 WordsJul 21, 20129 Pages I. THE THEORY OF THE IDEAS AND PLATO’S ONTOLOGY I. 1. The objects to which names (such as "Socrates" or "Napoleon") refer are individuals; but we have certain problems about the objects to which other terms (nouns, abstract adjectives and abstract nouns) refer. en.m.wiktionary English[edit] Etymology[edit] Originally Latin ontologia (1606, Ogdoas Scholastica, by Jacob Lorhard (Lorhardus)), from Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn, “on”), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “being, existing, essence”) + λόγος (lógos, “account”). First known English use 1663: Archelogia philosophica nova; or, New principles of Philosophy. Pronunciation[edit] IPA(key): /ɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/Rhymes: -ɒlədʒi Noun[edit] ontology (countable and uncountable, plural ontologies) (uncountable, philosophy) The branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being. quotations ▼2014 April 12, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)[1], London, page R10:[Martin] Heidegger's concern […] was with ontology, the nature of beings, above all humans. Usage notes[edit] Holonyms[edit] metaphysics Derived terms[edit] Related terms[edit] tonology
www.dictionary [ on-tol-uh-jee ] / ɒnˈtɒl ə dʒi / noun the branch of metaphysics that studies the nature of existence or being as such. Words related to ontology system, thought, outlook, theory, viewpoint, thinking, idea, wisdom, ideology, attitude, truth, doctrine, logic, tenet, reasoning, view, conception, axiom, reason, values Words nearby ontology ontogeny, ontological, ontological argument, ontologism, ontologize, ontology, onuf's nucleus, onus, onus probandi, onward, onwards Origin of ontology From the New Latin word ontologia, dating back to 1715–25. OTHER WORDS FROM ontology on·to·log·i·cal [on-tl-oj-i-kuh l] /ˌɒn tlˈɒdʒ ɪ kəl/, on·to·log·ic, on·tol·o·gis·tic [on-tol-uh-jis-tik] /ɒnˌtɒl əˈdʒɪs tɪk/, adjectiveon·tol·o·gist, noun Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2020 Examples from the Web for ontology British Dictionary definitions for ontology ontology philosophy the branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being
philosophyterms I. Definition Ontology is the study of being. It focuses on several related questions: What things exist? Some of these questions may seem painfully abstract and not very useful, but they are and always have been enormously important to some philosophers, especially to those who believe in foundationalism. Ontology is also highly relevant to religions and spirituality. Everything is made of atoms and energyEverything is made of consciousnessYou have a soulYou have a mind II. Ontology is generally considered to be a sub-field of metaphysics. However, as a rule of thumb we can say that ontology asks what questions, while metaphysics asks how questions. Example The difference between ontology and metaphysics may be easier to understand if we look at a made-up world. III. Ontology and metaphysics both get confused with epistemology, but epistemology is easier to separate out. IV. Quote 1 “Beyond the fiction of reality, there is the reality of the fiction.” Quote 2 “You do not have a soul. V. VI.
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