Pitch Viola da Gamba - musicolog.com The viola da gamba, or viol, is a bowed string instrument with frets. It is held upright and supported between the legs. Viola da gamba literally means leg viol. It can also be played, as a plucked instrument, across the lap. Generally, it is a six-stringed instrument, but seven-stringed basses are very popular and five-stringed instruments are not rare. The viol is made in different sizes. The viol bow is convex rather than concave like a violin bow. Viol bowing is opposite to violin bowing in all senses. The richness of the instrument is enhanced by the action of the left hand against the frets. The viol appeared in Europe near the end of the 15th century. This popularity inspired a remarkable history of viol composers and performers across Europe and into England. France led European viol playing from 1675 to 1770. The north German and Flemish viol schools were influenced by the French, but the majority of Germany and the Low Countries were influenced by the English consort style.
Violas da gamba have a long history What's a viola da gamba? The viola da gamba (also called the "viol" or "gamba") is not a fretted cello! It may look like one, but a cello has 4 strings and a viol usually has 6, like a guitar, or 7. In addition, the viol's frets aren't permanently set, like those of a guitar, but are instead made of gut tied onto the neck, like those of a lute, and are therefore movable. Viols are bowed, like cellos, but the bow is held differently-not overhand, as is a violin or cello bow, but underhand, like a pencil or chopsticks. Viols are also tuned differently than are cellos. Like the cello, the bass viola da gamba is part of a family. Viols have a long history. The sound of the viol is sweet and shimmering, quieter than that of violins, violas, or cellos. Composers for the viol include J.S.
Viola Music that is written for the viola differs from that of most other instruments, in that it primarily uses the alto clef, which is otherwise rarely used. Viola music employs the treble clef when there are substantial sections of music written in a higher register. The viola occasionally has a major role in orchestral music. The "MacDonald" Stradivarius viola, one of only 10 surviving violas made by Antonio Stradivari, and which was once played by Peter Schidlof, will have an initial asking price of $45 million when it is put up for sale at Sotheby's in spring 2014. Form[edit] The viola is similar in material and construction to the violin. Experiments have tended to increase the size of the viola, in the interest of improving the instrument's sound. More recent (and more radically shaped) innovations have addressed the ergonomic problems associated with playing the viola by making it shorter and lighter, while finding ways to keep the traditional sound. Method of playing[edit] Music[edit]
To mime a song Marvin Gaye Ain't No Moutain High Enough lyrics Clarinet The word clarinet may have entered the English language via the French clarinette (the feminine diminutive of Old French clarin or clarion), or from Provençal clarin, "oboe".[1] It "is plainly a diminutive of clarino, the Italian for trumpet", and the Italian clarinetto is the source of the name in many other languages. According to Johann Gottfried Walther, writing in 1732, the reason for the name was that "it sounded from far off not unlike a trumpet". This may indicate its strident quality in the upper register, although in the low register it was "feeble and buzzing". The English form clarinet is found as early as 1733, and the now-archaic clarionet appears from 1784 until the early years of the 20th century.[2] Characteristics[edit] Sound[edit] Bass clarinet Range[edit] Defining the top end of a clarinet’s range is difficult, since many advanced players can produce notes well above the highest notes commonly found in method books. Acoustics[edit] Schüller's quarter-tone clarinet
Bore (wind instruments) The bore of a wind instrument is its interior chamber that defines a flow path through which air travels and is set into vibration to produce sounds. The shape of the bore has a strong influence on the instrument's timbre. The diameter of a cylindrical bore remains constant along its length. The acoustic behavior depends on whether the instrument is stopped (closed at one end and open at the other), or open (at both ends). For an open pipe, the wavelength produced by the first normal mode (the fundamental note) is approximately twice the length of the pipe. Instruments having a cylindrical, or mostly cylindrical, bore include: The diameter of a conical bore varies linearly with distance from the end of the instrument. Instruments having a conical, or approximately conical, bore include: Sections of the bores of woodwind instruments deviate from a true cone or a cylinder. Acoustic resonance Jump up ^ "The Clarinet". Nederveen, Cornelis Johannes, Acoustical aspects of woodwind instruments.
Piccolo trumpet Piccolotrumpet in B♭, with separate leadpipes to tune the instrument to B♭ (shorter) or A (longer) The smallest of the trumpet family is the piccolo trumpet, pitched one octave higher than the standard B♭ trumpet. Most piccolo trumpets are built to play in either B♭ or A, using a separate leadpipe for each key. The tubing in the B♭ piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B♭ trumpet. The piccolo trumpet in Bb is a transposing instrument, which sounds a minor seventh higher than written. The soprano trumpet in D, also known as the Bach trumpet, was invented in about 1890 by the Belgian instrument maker Victor Mahillon to play the high trumpet parts in music by Bach and Handel. The modern piccolo trumpet enables players to play the difficult trumpet parts of Baroque music, such as Bach's second Brandenburg concerto and B-minor Mass. The piccolo trumpet should not be confused with the pocket trumpet, which plays in the same pitch as the regular B♭ trumpet. See also[edit]
Bugle American naval bugler in 1917 Military bugle in Japan Bugle used by American militaries in the mid-19th century History[edit] Roman Bugle, 4th century. Added to the British Museum in 1904, this late Roman bugle is bent completely round upon itself to form a coil between the mouthpiece and the bell-end (the latter has been broken off). The first verifiable formal use of a brass bugle as a military signal device was the Halbmondbläser, or half-moon bugle, used in Hanover in 1758. Uses[edit] The bugle is used mainly in the military and Boy Scouts, where the bugle call is used to indicate the daily routines of camp. The bugle is used to play Taps or the Last Post in military rites at funerals. Civilian drum corps were founded using equipment sold off by the military in the early 1900s, and the last official change made to the military bugle (before its role as a signaling device was rendered obsolete by the radio) was to standardize them in the key of G. Variations[edit] Pitches of bugles[edit]
The Andrews Sisters Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Andrews. The Andrews Sisters Les Sœurs Andrews The Andrews Sisters en 1952. De haut en bas : LaVerne, Patty, Maxene. The Andrews Sisters (Les Sœurs Andrews) est un groupe de chanteuses américaines des années 1940, composé de 3 sœurs : LaVerne Andrews (contralto, 6 juillet 1911 - 8 mai 1967), Maxene Andrews (soprano, 3 janvier 1916 - 21 octobre 1995) et Patty Andrews (mezzo-soprano, 16 février 1918 - 30 janvier 2013), nées à Minneapolis dans le Minnesota. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Les Sœurs Andrews accompagnées par l'orchestre d'Harry James chantent « Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree » dans le film Private Buckaroo de 1942. Filles d'un immigrant grec et d'une mère américaine d'origine norvégienne, elles naissent dans les années 1910 à Minneapolis dans le Minnesota. Elles apparurent aussi dans des films du duo Abbott et Costello, Deux nigauds soldats et Deux nigauds marins, sortis en 1941.
Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy - The Andrews Sisters Click here to submit corrections. How to read these chord charts Go back to the Table of Contents Go back to the Index Go back to my main page Bass trumpet The bass trumpet is a type of low trumpet which was first developed during the 1820s in Germany. It is usually pitched in 8' C or 9' B♭ today, but is sometimes built in E♭ and is treated as a transposing instrument sounding either an octave, a sixth or a ninth lower than written, depending on the pitch of the instrument. Having valves and the same tubing length, the bass trumpet is quite similar to the valve trombone, although the bass trumpet has a harder, more metallic tone. Certain modern manufacturers offering 'valve trombones' and 'bass trumpets' use the same tubing, valves, and bell, in different configurations - in these cases the bass trumpet is virtually identical to the valve trombone. History[edit] Wagner's bass trumpet[edit] Richard Wagner's first intention for Der Ring des Nibelungen was a bass trumpet in 13' E♭, based on the instruments he would have come across during his dealings with military bands. Notation[edit] The bass trumpet is usually notated in the treble clef.