List of philosophers The alphabetical list of philosophers is so large it had to be broken up into several pages. To look up a philosopher you know the name of, click on the first letter of his or her last name. To find philosophers by core area, field, major philosophical tradition, ethnicity, or time periods, see the subheadings further below. General[edit] List of Women philosophers Lists of philosophers by core area[edit] Lists of philosophers by field[edit] Lists of philosophers by major philosophical Tradition[edit] Lists of philosophers by philosophical theory[edit] Lists of philosophers by era[edit] Timelines[edit] Lists of philosophers by language, nationality, religion, or region[edit] See also[edit]
Problem of Hell The "problem of Hell" is an ethical problem related to some religions in which portrayals of Hell as a place where immortal souls are conscious are ostensibly cruel, and are thus inconsistent with the concepts of a just, moral and omnibenevolent God.[1] The problem of Hell revolves around four key points: Hell exists in the first place, some people go there, there is no escape, and it is punishment for actions or inactions done on Earth.[2] The belief that non-believers of a particular religion, or "the wicked" among believers, face damnation or destruction is called special salvation. The belief that all are saved regardless of belief, or regardless of "goodness" or "wickedness", is referred to as universal reconciliation. Issues[edit] There are several major issues to the problem of Hell. The first is whether the existence of Hell is compatible with justice. Judaism[edit] Christianity[edit] I also maintain that those who are punished in Gehenna, are scourged by the scourge of love.
America Can Be Free Seminar Support Agnosticism Agnostosticism is the belief that claims concerning God and certain accompanying religious or metaphysical beliefs cannot be proven either way. The truth is not known so it cannot be argued. In the words of Jorge Luis Borges, a famous Argentinian writer and poet: Many Atheists discover that the proper for their beliefs would actually be Agnostic, while some Agnostics occasionally refer to themselves as Atheists, just to 'keep it simple'. However, as in his essay ' Am I An Atheist Or An Agnostic? Read " Am I An Atheist Or An Agnostic? The History of Agnosticism Even though the term is somewhat modern, coined by Thomas Henry Huxley who first mentioned it in his speech given in 1876, is ancient! An excerpt from an ancient sacred text of Hinduism called Rigveda (~1700-1100 BCE) , or more specifically the Nasadiya Sukta, a creation hymn, says: " {*style:<i><b>Who really knows? Whence is this creation? Who then knows whence it has arisen?
Emanuel Swedenborg Emanuel Swedenborg ( Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741, at age 53, he entered into a spiritual phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, beginning on Easter weekend of April 6, 1744. This culminated in a 'spiritual awakening', in which he received revelation that he was appointed by the Lord to write the The Heavenly Doctrine to reform Christianity.[7] According to The Heavenly Doctrine the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes, so that from then on he could freely visit heaven and hell and talk with angels, demons and other spirits; and the Last Judgement had already occurred, in 1757.[8] However, he tells us that at this day it is very dangerous to talk with spirits, unless a person is in true faith, and is led by the Lord.[9][10] For the remaining 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works, and several more which were unpublished. Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Scientific period[edit]
Deus otiosus Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il deus otiosus (dal latino "dio ozioso") è l'essere creatore che dà vita al mondo, all'umanità e a tutte le istituzioni più importanti all'interno di una religione, ma che in seguito non si rende più partecipe della vita del suo operato: una divinità che si chiude nella sua perfezione. Nel deismo illuminista la religione razionale ha recuperato questo concetto d'un Creatore dell'Universo che non interviene e non interferisce più con la sua opera. Il monoteismo ebraico, cristiano e islamico si fondano sulla figura di un Dio creatore del mondo che se ne prende cura. Il deus otiosus non va confuso né col deus absconditus della teologia negativa e della teologia dialettica di Karl Barth, né col deus ignotus (δεὸς ἄγνωστος) a cui fa riferimento san Paolo in Atti 17, 22-23[1]: «Allora Paolo, alzatosi in mezzo all'Areòpago, disse: "Cittadini ateniesi, vedo che in tutto siete molto timorati degli dèi.
Spiritual Science Research Foundation Deism & Pandeism Deism is the belief that a supreme power created the universe and that this, and other truths, can be determined using reason and by observing the natural world. For deists there is no need for faith, nor organized religion in order to come to these conclusions. Most deists don't see holy books and divine revelation as an authoritative source, but rather as interpretations by other humans. In the words of Thomas Paine, an author, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States: "The true Deist has but one Deity, and his religion consists in contemplating the power, wisdom, and benignity of the Deity in his works, and in endeavoring to imitate him in everything moral, scientifical, and mechanical." There are various verbal evasions deists use when referring to 'God'. Pandeism is a pantheistic form of deism, or a belief which is a mixture of pantheism and deism. Some pandeists refer to God as the Deus in order to differentiate their ideas from those of theists.
Positivism Positivism is the philosophy of science that information derived from logical and mathematical treatments and reports of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge,[1] and that there is valid knowledge (truth) only in this derived knowledge.[2] Verified data received from the senses are known as empirical evidence.[1] Positivism holds that society, like the physical world, operates according to general laws. Introspective and intuitive knowledge is rejected, as is metaphysics and theology. Although the positivist approach has been a recurrent theme in the history of western thought,[3] the modern sense of the approach was developed by the philosopher Auguste Comte in the early 19th century.[4] Comte argued that, much as the physical world operates according to gravity and other absolute laws, so does society.[5] Etymology[edit] Overview[edit] Antecedents[edit] Auguste Comte[edit] Antipositivism[edit] Main article: antipositivism In historiography[edit]
Monismo (religione) Il monismo dal punto di vista della religione esprime la convinzione che tutto derivi da un unico principio che manifesta un'unica natura. L'origine e la natura di ogni cosa coincide con questo principio il cui aspetto unitario si riverbera nell'unitarietà indivisibile della materia e dello spirito. Questa forma di monismo si associa al panteismo quando il principio s'identifica con Dio, come avviene nelle religioni monoteiste. Per alcuni, il monismo può avere implicazioni spirituali; infatti, coloro che criticano il "pericolo monismo" affermano che nel tentativo di definire tutte le cose come un'unica sostanza, si rischia persino di dissolvere Dio nel processo. Nella Teologia cristiana il monismo fu oggetto di discussioni, per esempio nella dottrina cattolica della "divina semplicità", così come in altre religioni come l'Indù e il giudaismo in particolare. Storicamente e in diverse occasioni il monismo è stato promosso in particolar luogo da Ernst Haeckel in termini spirituali.
Personality Assessment Inventory Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), authored by Leslie Morey, PhD, is a multi-scale test of psychological functioning that assesses constructs relevant to personality and psychopathology evaluation (e.g., depression, anxiety, aggression) in various contexts including psychotherapy, crisis/evaluation, forensic, personnel selection, pain/medical, and child custody assessment. The PAI has 22 non-overlapping scales, providing a comprehensive overview of psychopathology in adults. Development[edit] The rationale behind the development of the PAI was to create an assessment tool that would enable the measurement of psychological concepts while maintaining statistical strength. Strengths[edit] The PAI is often used in forensics and corrections, where moderate support for its validity has been noted.[2] The PAI has a number of strengths for applied psychological assessment. Limitations[edit] The PAI is a self-report instrument. See also[edit] References[edit]
'Am I An Atheist Or An Agnostic?' by Bertrand Russell ~ Agnosticis A Plea For Tolerance In The Face Of New Dogmas by Bertrand Russell (1947) I speak as one who was intended by my father to be brought up as a Rationalist. He was quite as much of a Rationalist as I am, but he died when I was three years old, and the Court of Chancery decided that I was to have the benefits of a Christian education. I think perhaps the Court of Chancery might have regretted that since. It does not seem to have done as much good as they hoped. They arise chiefly out of reaction to a system of education which considers it quite right that a father should decree that his son should be brought up as a Muggletonian, we will say, or brought up on any other kind of nonsense, but he must on no account be brought up to think rationally. Sin And The Bishops Don't Be Too Certain! The question of how to define Rationalism is not altogether an easy one. The question is how to arrive at your opinions and not what your opinions are. Proof of God Skepticism Persecution
On Truth & Reality: Philosophy Physics Metaphysics of Space, Wave Structure of Matter. Famous Science Art Quotes.