Percolation threshold Percolation threshold is a mathematical term related to percolation theory , which is the formation of long-range connectivity in random systems. Below the threshold a giant connected component does not exist; while above it, there exists a giant component of the order of system size. In engineering and coffee making , percolation represents the flow of fluids through porous media, but in the mathematics and physics worlds it generally refers to simplified lattice models of random systems or networks (graphs), and the nature of the connectivity in them. [ edit ] Percolation models The most common percolation model is to take a regular lattice, like a square lattice, and make it into a random network by randomly "occupying" sites (vertices) or bonds (edges) with a statistically independent probability p . In the systems described so far, it has been assumed that the occupation of a site or bond is completely random—this is the so-called Bernoulli percolation. [ edit ] 2-Uniform Lattices
NetLogo NetLogo is an agent-based programming language and integrated modeling environment. About[edit] The NetLogo environment enables exploration of emergent phenomena. It comes with an extensive models library including models in a variety of domains, such as economics, biology, physics, chemistry, psychology, system dynamics.[4] NetLogo allows exploration by modifying switches, sliders, choosers, inputs, and other interface elements.[5] Beyond exploration, NetLogo allows authoring of new models and modification of existing models. NetLogo is freely available from the NetLogo website. NetLogo was designed and authored by Uri Wilensky, director of Northwestern University's Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling.[11] Its lead developer is Seth Tisue.[11] Books[edit] A number of books have been published about NetLogo.[12] The books include: Steven F. Online courses[edit] Technical foundation[edit] User interface[edit] Examples[edit] HubNet[edit] External links[edit] References[edit]
-onym Suffix used in linguistics The suffix -onym (from Ancient Greek: ὄνυμα, lit. 'name') is a bound morpheme, that is attached to the end of a root word, thus forming a new compound word that designates a particular class of names. In linguistic terminology, compound words that are formed with suffix -onym are most commonly used as designations for various onomastic classes. Most onomastic terms that are formed with suffix -onym are classical compounds, whose word roots are taken from classical languages (Greek and Latin). For example, onomastic terms like toponym and linguonym are typical classical (or neoclassical) compounds, formed from suffix -onym and classical (Greek and Latin) root words (Ancient Greek: τόπος / place; Latin: lingua / language). The English suffix -onym is from the Ancient Greek suffix -ώνυμον (ōnymon), neuter of the suffix ώνυμος (ōnymos), having a specified kind of name, from the Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Aeolic Greek ὄνυμα (ónyma), "name". Words that end in -onym [edit]
Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science Assembles for the first time the concepts and tools for analyzing complex systems in a wide range of fields Reflects the real world by integrating complexity with the deterministic equations and concepts that define matter, energy, and the four forces identified in nature Benefits a broad audience: undergraduates, researchers and practitioners in mathematics and many related fields Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science provides an authoritative single source for understanding and applying the concepts of complexity theory together with the tools and measures for analyzing complex systems in all fields of science and engineering. The science and tools of complexity and systems science include theories of self-organization, complex systems, synergetics, dynamical systems, turbulence, catastrophes, instabilities, nonlinearity, stochastic processes, chaos, neural networks, cellular automata, adaptive systems, and genetic algorithms. Content Level » Research Show all authors
The Proactive Web Era : Intelligent Web and Intelligent Services are knocking at the door ! | The Transcendent Man's Blog Translated from the french original article : It is only 22 years old ( Birth of the Web by Tim Berneers Lee 89 ) but now, the Web or World Wide Web is passing a new milestone in its life. A new generation of Web services is coming, a generation that will go beyond your expectations and your needs. A generation of Intelligent Services, like Siri just announced by Apple, or launched in 2009 by NTT DoCoMo in Japan with Mobile Personal Assistant iConcier. This generation of Intelligent services will know you so well that it will bring you an everyday life Personal Assistant. This step, called the Web intelligent, will bring about a new kind of web: a "Proactive Web!" Indeed, look at your use of the Web today … you go to it, you ask all sorts of questions and wait for a response (mail, web, social, chat, etc). The future will be way different. Remember: Like this:
Applications of artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence has been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, remote sensing, scientific discovery and toys. However, many AI applications are not perceived as AI: "A lot of cutting edge AI has filtered into general applications, often without being called AI because once something becomes useful enough and common enough it's not labeled AI anymore," Nick Bostrom reports.[1] "Many thousands of AI applications are deeply embedded in the infrastructure of every industry." In the late 90s and early 21st century, AI technology became widely used as elements of larger systems, but the field is rarely credited for these successes. Computer science[edit] AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science. Finance[edit] Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage properties. Hospitals and medicine[edit] Heavy industry[edit] Music[edit]
Emergence In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is a process whereby larger entities, patterns, and regularities arise through interactions among smaller or simpler entities that themselves do not exhibit such properties. Emergence is central in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon life as studied in biology is commonly perceived as an emergent property of interacting molecules as studied in chemistry, whose phenomena reflect interactions among elementary particles, modeled in particle physics, that at such higher mass—via substantial conglomeration—exhibit motion as modeled in gravitational physics. In philosophy, emergence typically refers to emergentism. In philosophy[edit] Main article: Emergentism In philosophy, emergence is often understood to be a claim about the etiology of a system's properties. Definitions[edit] This idea of emergence has been around since at least the time of Aristotle. Strong and weak emergence[edit]
If Your Shrink Is A Bot, How Do You Respond? : Shots - Health News Ellie (right) is a computer simulation designed to engage real people, like the woman on the left, in meaningful conversation and take their measure. The computer system looks for subtle patterns in body language and vocal inflections that might be clues to underlying depression or other emotional distress. YouTube hide caption toggle caption YouTube Ellie (right) is a computer simulation designed to engage real people, like the woman on the left, in meaningful conversation and take their measure. YouTube Her hair is brown and tied back into a professional-looking ponytail. "So how are you doing today?" She is from L.A. There's Power In A Well-Timed 'Uh-Huh' The project that resulted in Ellie began almost two years ago at USC's Institute for Creative Technologies. Rizzo and Morency spent months laboring over every element of Ellie's presentation and interaction with patients, experimenting with a range of different personalities, outfits and vocal mannerisms.
Araucaria (software) The user interface is composed of a main window (diagramming), a schemes editor and the AraucariaDB online interface. While Araucaria helps identify the structure of an argument, it provides freedom of analysis resources. The scheme editor allows the user to create argumentation schemes, group them together and save them into a scheme set file. The scheme set is then applied to the diagram, entirely or in part. As an illustration, an argument scheme relying on symptoms could be applied to the following assertion: "The light has gone off. Therefore, the bulb must be broken", with critical questions intended to determine if the result could stem from another reason (such as "have all the lights in the flat gone off?"). The AraucariaDB Online Repository can be browsed to retrieve specific arguments to fit a diagram. Because it is based on XML, a standard widely used by developers, AML content can be accessed through other software that support XML.
Self-organization Self-organization occurs in a variety of physical, chemical, biological, robotic, social and cognitive systems. Common examples include crystallization, the emergence of convection patterns in a liquid heated from below, chemical oscillators, swarming in groups of animals, and the way neural networks learn to recognize complex patterns. Overview[edit] The most robust and unambiguous examples[1] of self-organizing systems are from the physics of non-equilibrium processes. Self-organization is also relevant in chemistry, where it has often been taken as being synonymous with self-assembly. Self-organization usually relies on three basic ingredients:[3] Strong dynamical non-linearity, often though not necessarily involving positive and negative feedbackBalance of exploitation and explorationMultiple interactions Principles of self-organization[edit] History of the idea[edit] Sadi Carnot and Rudolf Clausius discovered the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the 19th century. Developing views[edit]
Web 4.0: The Ultra-Intelligent Electronic Agent is Coming | Big Think TV Without getting too far ahead of ourselves, it is useful to look back at the various iterations of the Internet to see how it has evolved and where we might reasonably expect to see it go in the coming years and decades. The defining aspect of Web 1.0 was search. In other words, think Yahoo! So Burrus describes the third iteration of the Web as "the 3D Web." So what about Web 4.0? Watch the video here: According to Burrus, Web 4.0 is about "the ultra-intelligent electronic agent." This agent will "recognize you when you get in front of it because all of your devices are getting a little camera. "Good morning. Another ultra-intelligent agent that Burrus says is coming to us fast is the screen-less smartphone. Image courtesy of Shutterstock.