High Achiever, Gifted Learner, CreativeThinker

Identification of gifted students is clouded when concerned adults misinterpret high achievement as giftedness. High-achieving students are noticed for their on-time, neat, well-developed, and correct learning products. Adults comment on these students' consistent high grades and note how well they acclimate to class procedures and discussions. Some adults assume these students are gifted because their school-appropriate behaviors and products surface above the typical responses of grade-level students. Educators with expertise in gifted education are frustrated trying to help other educators and parents understand that while high achievers are valuable participants whose high-level modeling is welcomed in classes, they learn differently from gifted learners. In 1989, Janice Szabos published a comparison of the bright child and the gifted learner. Later, in the second cartoon, the teacher poses a question to the class. Szabos, J. (1989).

Deduction & Induction In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches. Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a “top-down” approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. These two methods of reasoning have a very different “feel” to them when you’re conducting research. Fluid and crystallized intelligence History[edit] Fluid versus crystallized intelligence[edit] Fluid intelligence (gf) refers to basic processes of reasoning and other mental activities that depend only minimally on prior learning (such as formal and informal education) and acculturation. Horn notes that it is formless, and can "flow into" a wide variety of cognitive activities [7] Tasks measuring fluid reasoning require the ability to solve abstract reasoning problems. Examples of tasks that measure fluid intelligence include figure classifications, figural analyses, number and letter series, matrices, and paired associates.[6] Crystallized intelligence (gc) refers to learned procedures and knowledge. An example of the application of fluid and crystallized abilities to problem-solving[edit] Horn[7] provided the following example of crystallized and fluid approaches to solving a problem. "There are 100 patients in a hospital. Relationship to Piaget's theory of cognitive development[edit] Raven's Progressive Matrices[edit]