Comment la première guerre mondiale a transformé le Proche-Orient La première guerre mondiale, déclarée par l’empire ottoman aux côtés des Puissances centrales porte le conflit sur les territoires du Bilad Al-Sham, une Grande Syrie qui comprend le Mont-Liban, la Syrie actuelle, une partie de la Palestine et de la Jordanie (nous n’examinerons pas ici les conséquences de la guerre sur les pays du Golfe). Mais ce n’est pas par impact direct, par la présence de combats (quasi inexistants dans un premier temps en réalité) que la guerre marque les esprits dans la région. Elle est synonyme de famine et de désolation, de rationnement et de fin brutale d’une période de relative prospérité, déjà mise à mal par la crise qui secouait l’empire depuis les guerres des Balkans. Dans les récits de l’époque, c’est l’humiliation et la faim qui dominent. Entre loyauté et émancipations La région dont il s’agit ici est celle que l’on appelle en arabe « le pays de Damas » (Bilad al-Sham). La guerre avant 1914 Les pendus de 1915-1916 (…) D’autres sont morts, depuis.
Mapping Emotions On The Body: Love Makes Us Warm All Over : Shots - Health News People drew maps of body locations where they feel basic emotions (top row) and more complex ones (bottom row). Hot colors show regions that people say are stimulated during the emotion. Cool colors indicate deactivated areas. Image courtesy of Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari Hietanen. hide caption toggle caption Image courtesy of Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari Hietanen. People drew maps of body locations where they feel basic emotions (top row) and more complex ones (bottom row). Image courtesy of Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari Hietanen. Close your eyes and imagine the last time you fell in love. Where did you feel the love? When a team of scientists in Finland asked people to map out where they felt different emotions on their bodies, they found that the results were surprisingly consistent, even across cultures. "Say you see a snake and you feel fear," Nummenmaa says. That idea has been known for centuries.
Black Death Study Shows Europeans Lived Longer After 14th Century Pandemic The Black Death, a plague that first devastated Europe in the 1300s, had a silver lining. After the ravages of the disease, surviving Europeans lived longer, a new study finds. An analysis of bones in London cemeteries from before and after the plague reveals that people had a lower risk of dying at any age after the first plague outbreak compared with before. In the centuries before the Black Death, about 10 percent of people lived past age 70, said study researcher Sharon DeWitte, a biological anthropologist at the University of South Carolina. In the centuries after, more than 20 percent of people lived past that age. "It is definitely a signal of something very important happening with survivorship," DeWitte told Live Science. The plague years The Black Death, caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, first exploded in Europe between 1347 and 1351. Scientists long believed that the Black Death killed indiscriminately. Post-plague comeback
Crash Course: Evolution of the Roman Military | The Odd Historian Accorded by some as being the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history, Rome’s military was the key to its rise from a relative backwater settlement in Italy to the most dominant power of the ancient world. Throughout its millennia-spanning history, Rome’s military underwent substantial changes as it contended with challenges both within its expanding borders and from neighboring adversaries who threatened to harm the integrity of its borders. Here is a crash course on the evolution of the Roman military. Phase I (c. 753 BC – c. 578 BC) Phase II (578 BC – c. 315 BC) The Etruscans occupied the cow stealing menace and brought civilization. Phase III (315 BC – 107 BC) Experience in the Samnite Wars brought further changes to the military. Phase IV (107 BC – 27 BC) A guy called Gaius Marius instituted the Marian reforms and made every citizen eligible to join the military. Phase V (27 BC – 117 AD) Phase VI (117 AD – 238AD) Phase VII (238 AD– 284 AD)
A time traveller’s guide to medieval 14th-century shopping The poet WH Auden once suggested that, in order to understand your own country, you need to have lived in at least two others. But what about your own time? By the same reckoning, you need to have experienced at least two other centuries. This presents us with some difficulties. But through historical research, coming to terms with another century is not impossible. We can approach the past as if it really is ‘a foreign country’ – somewhere we might visit. The marketplace “Ribs of beef and many a pie!” All around him people are moving, gesturing, talking. Crowds are noisy. What can you buy? But in most markets it is the popular varieties which you see glistening in the wet hay-filled crates. Next we come to an area set aside for corn: sacks of wheat, barley, oats and rye are piled up, ready for sale to the townsmen. These are only for the wealthy. The rest of the marketplace performs two functions. Planks, you ask? Haggling “Dame, what hold ye the ell (45 inches) of this cloth? Facts
The map that saved the London Underground 9 January 2014Last updated at 20:10 ET By Emma Jane Kirby BBC News Continue reading the main story You must have JavaScript enabled to view this content. A zoomable version of this map is available on the desktop site Explore the 1914 Wonderground Underground map Europe was about to tear itself apart, but Londoners in 1914 were more preoccupied with the overcrowding on the Tube and a profanity uttered in a new West End play. Just outside St Paul's, the Tube train hiccoughs twice, then stops. Suddenly, there's a bellow of laughter and the bearded man points at the priority seat for the elderly and disabled. "Priority seat for persons with gonorrhoea and genital herpes," it reads. A raucous cheer breaks out and a round of applause. Liverpool Street Station - a less inviting place in 1914 Let's ease the train backwards… While everyone is still chortling together in a newfound spirit of camaraderie, let's glide the carriage back through the tunnel, back 100 years or so. Find out more
Tableau général des Croisades chrétiennes en Orient XI ème SIECLE : - 1ère croisade : 1098 - 1099La conquête de Jérusalem par les croisés et le Rapport de Raimondo d'Aguilérec concernant la prise de Jérusalem XII ème SIECLE : Carte de territoires croisés en Orient Tableaux des chefs musulmans et chrétiensDébuts de la secte des Assassins islamiquesRègnes de Godefroi de Bouillon et de Baudouin 1erLe règne de Baudouin II (du Bourg) en Palestine Le règne de Bouri à Damas de 1128 à 1132 Le règne de Zenki roi d'Alep et Mossoul de 1128 à 1146 - 2e croisade : 1147 à 1149Louis VII et Aliénor et l'empereur allemand Conrad III (1147) Le règne du Roi Amaury 1er de Jérusalem (1162-1173) Saladin, un homme de coeur et d'honneur Le règne du Sultan Salah el Din ou Youssef Saladin - 3e croisade :1189 à 1192La 3e croisade contre le sultan Saladin L'après Saladin XIII ème SIECLE : - 4e croisade : 1202 à 1204Mise à sac de Constantinople en 1204 - 5e croisade : 1217 à 1221en Egypte à l'appel d'Honorius III - 7e croisade : 1248 à 1254La 7e croisade de St Louis (1249)
Siberian princess reveals her 2,500 year old tattoos She is to be kept in a special mausoleum at the Republican National Museum in capital Gorno-Altaisk, where eventually she will be displayed in a glass sarcophagus to tourists. For the past 19 years, since her discovery, she was kept mainly at a scientific institute in Novosibirsk, apart from a period in Moscow when her remains were treated by the same scientists who preserve the body of Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin. To mark the move 'home', The Siberian Times has obtained intricate drawings of her remarkable tattoos, and those of two men, possibly warriors, buried near her on the remote Ukok Plateau, now a UNESCO world cultural and natural heritage site, some 2,500 metres up in the Altai Mountains in a border region close to frontiers of Russia with Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan. To many observers, it is startling how similar they are to modern-day tattoos. Reconstruction of Princess Ukok's tattoos, made by Siberian scientists 'It is a phenomenal level of tattoo art.
Dancing over the edge: Vienna in 1914 5 January 2014Last updated at 19:48 ET By Bethany Bell BBC News Vienna hosted a rich intellectual and artistic life at the beginning of the 20th Century One hundred years ago, Vienna was at the epicentre of a world on the brink of war. Bethany Bell reflects on a century of changes in the Austrian capital. On my first visit to Vienna in the early 1990s, I wanted, most of all, to see the paintings by Gustav Klimt. My studies in England hadn't exposed me to the art of fin-de-siecle Vienna. The picture conjured up a vanished world of lavish beauty and daring experimentation that was both unfamiliar and exciting. And so, once in Vienna, I went straight to see the collection at the Belvedere museum, a baroque palace on a hill, which, I was interested to discover, had been the home of the ill-fated Habsburg Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 sparked the First World War. The Klimts didn't disappoint. Continue reading the main story Artists in the city I shivered.
Aryan migration: New genetic study makes Out of India theory backed by Hindutva supporters unlikely A new paper authored by 92 scientists from around the globe that was posted online this weekend could settle some major questions about the subcontinent’s history and what that means for various theories of Indian civilisation. The paper, titled “The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia” which still has to go through peer review, uses genetics to examine the ancestry of ancient inhabitants of the subcontinent. Below is a quick summary of what you need to know. Who authored the study? There are 92 named authors on the study, including scholars from Harvard, MIT, the Russian Academy of Science, the Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences in Lucknow, the Deccan College, the Max Planck Institute, the Institute for Archaeological Research in Uzbekistan and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad. How was the study conducted? The researchers looked at genome-wide data from 612 ancient individuals, meaning DNA samples of people that lived millennia ago.
Fashion and beauty secrets of a 2,500 year old Siberian 'princess' from her permafrost burial chamber 'Goodbye... 'Reconstruction of a burial scene of Ukok Princess, with both women dressed in traditional Pazyryk clothes. All drawings, here and below, were made by Elena Shumakova, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science We recently exclusively revealed the extraordinary tattoos on the mummy of a woman aged approximately 25 years old preserved in her ice-clad wooden coffin high in the Altai Mountains. Her story and our pictures of her ancient - yet modern-looking - body art captivated the world and was read in The Siberian Times in no less than 165 countries, while also being followed up by many other news outlets. The pictures of 'Princess Ukok's' tattoos can be seen here, if you missed them earlier. Reconstruction of Pazyryk woman's costume. Ukok plateau in Altai mountains, Siberia. There was also vivianite powder, derived from an iron phosphate mineral, apparently to be applied to the face. 'All pieces of fabric were manually coloured.
The Victorian Web (www,victorianweb.org) CRYPTOSPORIDIA Cryptosporidiosis in Lizards by: Marcia McGuiness © Golden Gate Geckos 2009 Purpose: This provides some facts and common myths about the parasite Cryptosporidium, aka “crypto”, in a comprehensive article targeted for the average lizard keeper, hobbyist, and breeder. Description: There are eleven strains of Cryptosporidium, which is a mutant form of Coccidia. Most reptiles are considered susceptible to Cryptosporidiosis, especially snakes. Crypto affects snakes and lizards differently, and is much more difficult to diagnose in lizards because the symptoms are more elusive than in snakes. Contagion and Transmission: Some experts claim that ALL lizards have Cryptosporidium, but this is completely unfounded and false. When uninfected reptiles share water and food bowls with infected animals, they can ingest crypto oocysts. Clinical Symptoms: Many reptiles are asymptomatic (no symptoms) but are known to be carriers of Cryptosporidium. The progressive symptoms of Crypto in lizards are: - lethargy
The 10 oldest cities in the world There’s a certain aesthetic attached to the oldest cities in the world: bustling souks beneath a bright blue sky, flowing garments made of whispery white cotton, stone masonry painted yellow by the sun. In reality, however, the oldest cities in the world have faced deep unrest throughout their long histories. Tragically, some are still uninhabitable. That’s not to say the ideal is lost. We examine below both sets of cities: those that flourish and those that still fight. 10. Beirut, often likened to a Phoenix, has been destroyed and rebuilt seven times. Top sight: National Museum of Beirut – the city’s foremost cultural institution charts Lebanon’s history and features pieces from the Bronze and Iron ages as well as from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk periods. 9. Gaziantep, like many of the other oldest cities in the world, has passed through many hands in its extraordinarily long history including the Byzantines, Crusaders and Ottomans. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.