Less Empathy Toward Outsiders: Brain Differences Reinforce Preferences For Those In Same Social Group An observer feels more empathy for someone in pain when that person is in the same social group, according to new research in the July 1 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience. The study shows that perceiving others in pain activates a part of the brain associated with empathy and emotion more if the observer and the observed are the same race. The findings may show that unconscious prejudices against outside groups exist at a basic level. The study confirms an in-group bias in empathic feelings, something that has long been known but never before confirmed by neuroimaging technology. Researchers have explored group bias since the 1950s. "Our findings have significant implications for understanding real-life social behaviors and social interactions," said Shihui Han, PhD, at Peking University in China, one of the study authors. Other recent brain imaging studies show that feeling empathy for others in pain stimulates a brain area called the anterior cingulate cortex.
Speak, Memory by Oliver Sacks In 1993, approaching my sixtieth birthday, I started to experience a curious phenomenon—the spontaneous, unsolicited rising of early memories into my mind, memories that had lain dormant for upward of fifty years. Not merely memories, but frames of mind, thoughts, atmospheres, and passions associated with them—memories, especially, of my boyhood in London before World War II. Moved by these, I wrote two short memoirs, one about the grand science museums in South Kensington, which were so much more important than school to me when I was growing up; the other about Humphry Davy, an early-nineteenth-century chemist who had been a hero of mine in those far-off days, and whose vividly described experiments excited me and inspired me to emulation. A striking example of this, the first that came to my notice, arose in relation to the two bomb incidents that I described in Uncle Tungsten, both of which occurred in the winter of 1940–1941, when London was bombarded in the Blitz:
List of thought processes Nature of thought[edit] Thought (or thinking) can be described as all of the following: An activity taking place in a: brain – organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals (only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain). It is the physical structure associated with the mind. mind – abstract entity with the cognitive faculties of consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory. Having a mind is a characteristic of humans, but which also may apply to other life forms.[1][2] Activities taking place in a mind are called mental processes or cognitive functions.computer (see automated reasoning, below) – general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Types of thoughts[edit] Content of thoughts[edit] Types of thought (thinking)[edit] Listed below are types of thought, also known as thinking processes. Lists
The story of the self Memory is our past and future. To know who you are as a person, you need to have some idea of who you have been. And, for better or worse, your remembered life story is a pretty good guide to what you will do tomorrow. It's no surprise, then, that there is fascination with this quintessentially human ability. This is quite a trick, psychologically speaking, and it has made cognitive scientists determined to find out how it is done. When you ask people about their memories, they often talk as though they were material possessions, enduring representations of the past to be carefully guarded and deeply cherished. We know this from many different sources of evidence. Even highly emotional memories are susceptible to distortion. What accounts for this unreliability? When we look at how memories are constructed by the brain, the unreliability of memory makes perfect sense. One of the most interesting writers on memory, Virginia Woolf, shows this process in action.
Social Psychology Links by Subtopic Attitudes and Social Cognition: Persuasion and Propaganda: Marketing and Selling: MarketingPower.com (American Marketing Association) National Association of Sales ProfessionalsMarketing Research AssociationSelling Power (tools, skills, and resources for sales professionals) Internet Marketing Center (focuses on Internet-based marketing) Social Marketing: Social Marketing (overview from Wikipedia) Social-Marketing.com (general information and resources) Social Marketing Quarterly (journal devoted exclusively to topic) Social Marketing in Public Health Conference (annual USF event) Social Marketing Resources (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Social Marketing Downunder (New Zealand, Australia, and South Pacific) Research Centers on Social Marketing: Social Marketing Institute (clearinghouse and research group) Institute for Social Marketing (University of Stirling, Scotland) Centre for Social Marketing (Carleton University, Canada) National Social Marketing Centre (U.K. Advertising:
The London Psychology Collective All About Psychology Many thanks for taking the time to check out my psychology website. My name is David Webb and I've had a passionate interest in studying and teaching psychology for over 20 years. I have a first class honors degree in psychology and a Masters in Occupational psychology from the University of Sheffield (UK). In 2003 I moved to sunny Spain with my family, where in addition to writing and hosting the All About Psychology Website, I also work as an online tutor and research dissertation supervisor. The All About Psychology website ( was launched in March 2008 and is designed to help anybody looking for detailed information and resources. The Psychology Journal Articles Collection: Get completely free access to classic full text journal articles, including material from the most eminent and influential psychologists of the 20th century. Psychology Student Survival Guide:
How to Stimulate Curiosity and Promote Learning Curiosity is the engine of intellectual achievement — it’s what drives us to keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing forward. But how does one generate curiosity, in oneself or others? George Loewenstein, a professor of economics and psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, proposed an answer in the classic 1994 paper, “The Psychology of Curiosity.” Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, “when attention becomes focused on a gap in one’s knowledge. Such information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation labeled curiosity. (MORE: Secrets of the Most Successful College Students) Here, three practical ways to use information gaps to stimulate curiosity: 1. (MORE: How to Raise a Group’s IQ) 2. 3. This technique can be adapted to all kinds of settings: for example, colleagues from different departments could be asked to complete a task together, one that requires the identification of information gaps that the coworkers, with their different areas of expertise, must fill in for each other.
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Tutorial: Concrete vs. Abstract Thinking WHAT ARE CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT THINKING? Abstract thinking is a level of thinking about things that is removed from the facts of the “here and now”, and from specific examples of the things or concepts being thought about. Abstract thinkers are able to reflect on events and ideas, and on attributes and relationships separate from the objects that have those attributes or share those relationships.