Midget pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency by Helga Kolb Helga Kolb 1. General characteristics. The specialized cone pathways of the central fovea of human and monkey retinas have the least convergence and the greatest resolution capabilities of the visual system. Figure 1. The midget pathways consist of midget bipolar cells and midget ganglion cells, the latter of which project to individual parvocellular layer cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the brain. The S-cone system is rather different from the M- and L-cone systems from the initial level of the cone itself to its circuitry though the retina and into the brain. 2. Visual acuity is a measure of our ability to discriminate the finest detail: either by discriminating two parallel lines apart (Vernier acuity) or two tiny spots or stars apart (point discrimination). If the minimum center to center spacing (a) is 3 µm for the cones of the fovea, then the grating resolution limit, known as the Nyquist limit, is a√3, about 1 min of arc. Figure 4. Figure 5. 3. Figure 6. Figure 7. 4.
Dags att reflektera över reflektionen på engelska! - Annika Sjödahl Jag har nyligen satt ihop en planering utifrån förmågan att reflektera, jämföra och diskutera olika samhällsfrågor och livsvillkor baserat på den kris som vi har i Europa. Jag delade den och fick en förfrågan om det inte är så att eleverna inte ska jämföra den svenska kulturen mot de länder där engelska är ett officiellt språk. Jag har funderat lite över det här och har valt att skriva om det för jag tycker det är viktigt att lyfta fram hur vi ser på engelskan i dag i en föränderlig tid. Vad är syftet med att vi inte ska vara så snäva som vi kanske tolkade in i förmågan enligt de gamla kriterierna? Jag börjar med de formuleringar vi har stöd av enligt läroplanerna. reflektera över livsvillkor, samhällsfrågor och kulturella företeelser i olika sammanhang och delar av världen där engelska används. Bedömningen för betyget E är: Så här stod det i Lpo 94: Den nya kursplanen betonar vikten av att ta vara på språket i omvärlden, till exempel i olika medier.
La storia dei cinesi negli Stati Uniti ci fa capire il razzismo di oggi - Igiaba Scego Dopo le elezioni statunitensi e la clamorosa vittoria di Donald Trump sono stati in molti a tirare in ballo nel dibattito pubblico la parola “fascismo”. Durante la campagna elettorale il neoeletto presidente americano è stato via via associato alle figure di Benito Mussolini e di Adolf Hitler. Qualcuno, soprattutto in Italia, lo ha paragonato anche all’ex premier (nonché miliardario) Silvio Berlusconi (che però, va ricordato, ha preso le distanze da Trump) e c’è chi si è spinto a definirlo addirittura un Hugo Chávez di destra, un caudillo del Ku Klux Klan. Il leit motiv del dopo elezioni non a caso è stato “stanno tornando gli anni trenta”. Ma è davvero così? Certo, elementi in comune tra Trump e Mussolini, come ha ben ricordato la studiosa Ruth Ben Ghiat in una intervista al New Yorker, ce ne sono parecchi. Sotto questo aspetto il paragone con gli anni trenta è puntuale e calzante. Infatti insieme agli anni trenta del secolo scorso, si è fatto vivo anche il famigerato spettro del 1882.
H. L. Mencken Mencken is known for writing The American Language, a multi-volume study of how the English language is spoken in the United States, and for his satirical reporting on the Scopes trial, which he dubbed the "Monkey Trial". He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians, pseudo-experts, the temperance movement, and uplifters. A keen cheerleader of scientific progress, he was very skeptical of economic theories and particularly critical of anti-intellectualism, bigotry, populism, fundamentalist Christianity, creationism, organized religion, the existence of God, and osteopathic/chiropractic medicine. In addition to his literary accomplishments, Mencken was known for his controversial ideas. Early life[edit] Mencken was the son of August Mencken, Sr., a cigar factory owner of German ancestry. In his best-selling memoir Happy Days, he described his childhood in Baltimore as "placid, secure, uneventful and happy Career[edit] Personal life[edit]
Trump executive order pulls out of TPP trade deal President Donald Trump has fulfilled a campaign pledge by signing an executive order to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The 12-nation trade deal was a linchpin of former President Barack Obama's Asia policy. "Great thing for the American worker what we just did," said Mr Trump as he dumped the pact with a stroke of a pen. He also cut funding for international groups that provide abortions, and froze hiring of some federal workers. Mr Trump's executive order on TPP was largely symbolic since the deal has not been ratified by a divided US Congress. During his presidential campaign, he criticised the accord as a "potential disaster for our country", arguing it harmed US manufacturing. What is the TPP? The Trump administration's first weekday began with a flurry of executive orders, which allow the president to bypass Congress by issuing legally binding directions, mostly of limited scope, to federal agencies. Some 'Day One' promises not kept Image copyright Getty Images
Common prostate cancer treatment linked to later dementia, researcher says The team looked at deidentified records from Stanford Medicine’s clinical-research data warehouse for nearly 10,000 patients with prostate cancer. Of the 1,829 who received androgen deprivation therapy, 7.9 percent developed dementia within five years, compared with 3.5 percent of those not treated with ADT. “The risk is real and, depending on the prior dementia history of the patient, we may want to consider alternative treatment, particularly in light of a recent prospective study from the U.K.,” said Shah. That study, published in September in The New England Journal of Medicine, revealed that prostate cancer patients randomized to either active monitoring, surgery or radiation therapy all had the same risk of death from the cancer after 10 years. The new study adds to a growing body of evidence supporting Stanford Medicine’s precision health approach, the goal of which is to anticipate and prevent disease in the healthy and precisely diagnose and treat disease in the ill.
Christmas Stories Merry Christmas & Happy Holidays from American Literature! Enjoy Christmas with your family! Here are some favorite Christmas stories for you and your family to enjoy this holiday season. The Little Match Girl - Hans Christian Andersen The Gift of the Magi - O. Merry Christmas - Stephen Leacock Papa Panov's Special Christmas - Leo Tolstoy The Elves and the Shoemaker - The Brothers Grimm The Other Wise Man - Henry Van Dyke The First Christmas Tree - Henry Van Dyke A Kindapped Santa Claus - L. The Last Dream of Old Oak - Hans Christian Andersen 'Twas the Night before Christmas - Clement Clarke Moore The Christmas Masquerade - Mary E. A Burglar's Christmas - Willa Cather A Dream-story: The Christmas Angel - Henry Van Dyke Christmas Every Day - William Dean Howells A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens What Christmas is as We Grow Older - Charles Dickens A Child's Christmas in Wales - Dylan Thomas Christmas or The Good Fairy - Harriet Beecher Stowe The Christmas Wreck - Frank Stockton Little Bun Rabbit - L.
Même sous Mao, la Chine n'a jamais cessé d'être Taoïste Il y a quelque temps, deux bus se sont télescopés dans la région de Canton. Celui dont le chauffeur avait eu la prudence d'orner son rétroviseur d'un portrait de Mao s'en est sorti sans un seul blessé. L'autre bus, qui ne possédait pas de portrait, est tombé dans le ravin et tous ses passagers sont morts. Depuis dix ans, ce genre d'histoire circule dans toute la Chine, de la frontière du Vietnam aux froideurs mandchoues. Vingt-cinq ans après sa mort, l'esprit de Mao protège désormais les voyageurs. Tous les taxis sont munis du gri-gri de base: le visage du fondateur de la Chine moderne, entouré de franges et de clochettes chasse-mauvais-esprits, servant de support à un faux thaler d'argent, porte-bonheur chinois pour attirer les sous. Et l'étranger non averti s'étonne : ce géant de la pensée marxiste-léniniste, que lui est-il arrivé ? Première explication lapidaire d'une amie chinoise, arrivée en France depuis seulement un mois : "Aujourd'hui, l'esprit des Chinois est vide.