Welcome to Italy: this is what a real immigration crisis looks like Let us suppose that along the coast of Normandy up to one million non-EU migrants are waiting to be packed like sardines in small unseaworthy vessels and to cross the English Channel. Let us suppose that first the Royal Navy, then the navies of a dozen other EU countries, start to search for all such vessels in the Channel right up to the French coast, out into the North Sea and the Atlantic even, and then ferry all the passengers on board to Dover, Folkestone, Hastings, Eastbourne and Brighton in a surreal modern-day never-ending version of the Dunkirk evacuation of 1940. Would the British government agree to take them all? Well, Italy has been invaded in just this way, by migrants from many nations all coming over here from Libya. In October 2013, Italy’s previous unelected government, which like the current one was left-wing, ordered the Italian navy to search for and rescue all boat people in the Sicilian channel and beyond. Here’s how it works.
PAST PERFECT Nivel avanzado: The Passive Voice Hasta ahora hemos hablado de la voz activa donde enfocamos la acción del verbo en el sujeto. Pero cuando queremos dar más importancia a la acción y no a quien la ha realizado, utilizamos la voz pasiva. Ejemplos: La voz activa La voz pasiva Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales) Se forma la voz pasiva con el verbo auxiliar “to be” y el participio pasado del verbo. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + participio pasado… Para transformar una oración activa a pasiva tenemos en cuenta los siguientes puntos: 1. 2. 3. 4. La voz activa: La voz pasiva: Uses (Usos) 1. 2. Nota: No podemos usar la voz pasiva con verbos intransitivos como “die”, “arrive” o “go”.
Reporting Verbs for Advanced Level ESL Learners and Classes When using reported speech, most students learn to use "say" and "tell": Examples: John told me he was going to stay late at work. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend. These forms are perfectly correct for reporting what others have said. For more information on reported speech, this overview of reported speech provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Related Grammar Basic Reported (Indirect) Speech Indirect Speech Transformations Quiz 1 Indirect Speech Transformations Quiz 2 More Grammar Reference
SUGGESTIONS Reported speech 1 Look at these examples to see how we can tell someone what another person said. direct speech: 'I love the Toy Story films,' she said. indirect speech: She said she loved the Toy Story films.direct speech: 'I worked as a waiter before becoming a chef,' he said. indirect speech: He said he'd worked as a waiter before becoming a chef.direct speech: 'I'll phone you tomorrow,' he said. indirect speech: He said he'd phone me the next day. Try this exercise to test your grammar. Read the explanation to learn more. Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel. indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank. In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). Present simple, present continuous and present perfect 'I travel a lot in my job.' Past simple and past continuous Past perfect
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SUGGESTIONS Additional Information and Exceptions in Reported Speech • Start › Cram Up › Grammar › Reported Speech › Additional Information and Exceptions in Reported Speech Main Clauses connected with and / but If two complete main clauses are connected with ‚and‘ or ‚but‘, put ‚that‘ after the conjunction. Example: He said,“I saw her but she didn’t see me.“ – He said that he had seen her but that she hadn’t seen him If the subject is left out in the second main clause (the conjunction is followed by a verb), do not use ‚that‘. She said,“I am a nurse and work in a hospital.“ – He said that she was a nurse and worked in a hospital Tense of the Introductory Clause The introductory clause usually is in Past Tense. He said that … Present Tense is often used to report a conversation that is still going on, e. g. during a phone call or while reading a letter. “I am fine.“ – Tom says / writes that he is fine. The introductory clause can also be in another tense. Backshift in Reported Speech Exceptions Beispiel: “Canberra is the capital of Australia “She left Boston on Monday