Chaos & Fractals
Chaos is a relatively new and exciting science. Although chaos was often unfavorably viewed its early stages, scientists now perform active research in many areas of the field. Presently, there are several journals dedicated solely to the study of chaos. This website was written in conjunction with a talk given for Intermediate Physics Seminar of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the Johns Hopkins University. It is intended to merely highlight a few of the more interesting aspects in the field of chaos. For further information, please consult the reference section of this document.
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Golden ratio
Line segments in the golden ratio In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. The figure on the right illustrates the geometric relationship. Expressed algebraically, for quantities a and b with a > b > 0, The golden ratio is also called the golden section (Latin: sectio aurea) or golden mean.[1][2][3] Other names include extreme and mean ratio,[4] medial section, divine proportion, divine section (Latin: sectio divina), golden proportion, golden cut,[5] and golden number.[6][7][8] Some twentieth-century artists and architects, including Le Corbusier and Dalí, have proportioned their works to approximate the golden ratio—especially in the form of the golden rectangle, in which the ratio of the longer side to the shorter is the golden ratio—believing this proportion to be aesthetically pleasing (see Applications and observations below). Calculation Therefore, Multiplying by φ gives and History
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Divide By Zero
About To Divide by Zero is an internet slang term describing an action that leads to an epic failure or theoretically unlikely disaster, such as an earth-shattering apocalypse or a wormhole in the time-space continuum. The concept of division by zero is also associated with the phrase “OH SHI-,” which represents the response of someone that is cut off mid-sentence as a result of the disaster. Origin The earliest known reference to division by zero can be found in a YTMND site titled “1/0 !!!!!!!!!!!!” However, according to Encyclopedia Dramatica, the phrase is said to have originated on 4chan’s /b/ (random) board, with its earliest dating to December 8th, 2006. In Mathematics In math with real numbers, values that represent quantities along a continuous line, division by zero is an undefined operation, meaning it is impossible to have a real number answer to the equation. Spread Mr. Notable Examples Search Interest External References
Ding Dong Bell
The sound of bells In East Anglia, as you look across the fens, villages appear almost like little islands (indeed some of them were islands before the fens were drained) and these villages are dominated by big churches with tall towers. In the past people regulated their lives and passed messages by ringing church bells, which could be heard for miles around, telling the time of day, and giving news of births, marriages and deaths in a parish. The following quotation comes from the ringer's rules from Southhill in Bedfordshire "When mirth and pleasure is on the wing we ring; at the departure of a soul we toll". Bell ringing is good exercise for the body and mind, the bells are heavy and the bellringers have to remember the changes. Bell ringing often appeals to mathematicians because there is a lot of mathematics to be found in these complicated sequences of changes. The mathematics of the changes Find the vertex labelled 1234. Circuit diagram showing the 24 permutations of 4 bells
Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo methods (or Monte Carlo experiments) are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results; typically one runs simulations many times over in order to obtain the distribution of an unknown probabilistic entity. They are often used in physical and mathematical problems and are most useful when it is difficult or impossible to obtain a closed-form expression, or infeasible to apply a deterministic algorithm. Monte Carlo methods are mainly used in three distinct problem classes: optimization, numerical integration and generation of draws from a probability distribution. The modern version of the Monte Carlo method was invented in the late 1940s by Stanislaw Ulam, while he was working on nuclear weapons projects at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Introduction[edit] Monte Carlo method applied to approximating the value of π. Monte Carlo methods vary, but tend to follow a particular pattern: History[edit] Definitions[edit]
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Dr Hannah Fry: the mathematical models that underpin our sexual success | Science
What are the odds? Or how mathematician Peter Backus weighed up his chances of finding love… Just as it’s not possible to calculate precisely how many alien life forms there are, it’s also not possible to calculate exactly how many potential partners you may have. But all the same, being able to estimate quantities that you have no hope of verifying is an important skill for any scientist. It also applies to maths student Peter Backus’s well-publicised quest to see whether there were intelligent, socially advanced women of the same species out there for him to date. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Leaving him with just 26 women in the whole world he would be willing to date. Personally, I think that he is being a little picky. I think there’s room to be a bit more generous. 1. 5. 6. 7. Almost a thousand potential partners across a city, then. But there is another issue. Strangely though, opening our minds to all potential partners seems to be the opposite of what we do when we’re single.
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