Modern - Wikipedia Modern generally denotes something that is "up-to-date", "new", or contemporary. It may refer to: in history Modern history in philosophy and sociology in art as a proper name toponymy Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" Causes of World War I Germany, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Britain attempting to keep the lid on the simmering cauldron of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913, but did not succeed in 1914. The crisis came after a long and difficult series of diplomatic clashes between the Great Powers (Italy, France, Germany, Britain, Austria-Hungary and Russia) over European and colonial issues in the decade before 1914 that had left tensions high. In turn these diplomatic clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867.[2] The more immediate cause for the war was tensions over territory in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary competed with Serbia and Russia for territory and influence in the region and they pulled the rest of the Great Powers into the conflict through their various alliances and treaties. Background "Moltke described to me his opinion of our military situation. Domestic political factors
Modernism - Wikipedia Hans Hofmann, "The Gate", 1959–1960, collection: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Hofmann was renowned not only as an artist but also as a teacher of art, and a modernist theorist both in his native Germany and later in the U.S. During the 1930s in New York and California he introduced Modernism and modernist theories to a new generation of American artists. Through his teaching and his lectures at his art schools in Greenwich Village and Provincetown, Massachusetts, he widened the scope of Modernism in the United States.[1] Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. History[edit] Beginnings: the 19th century[edit] However, the Industrial Revolution continued. The beginnings of modernism in France[edit] Influential in the early days of Modernism were the theories of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Explosion, early 20th century to 1930[edit]
Last Post (poem) "Last Post" is a poem written by Carol Ann Duffy, the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, in 2009. It was commissioned by the BBC to mark the deaths of Henry Allingham and Harry Patch, two of the last three surviving British veterans from the First World War, and was first broadcast on the BBC Radio 4 programme Today on 30 July 2009, the date of Allingham's funeral. The poem, named after the "Last Post" (the bugle call used at British ceremonies remembering those killed in war), makes explicit references to Wilfred Owen's poem from the First World War Dulce et Decorum Est. It imagines what would happen if time ran backwards and those killed in the war came back to life; their lives would still be full of possibilities and filled with "love, work, children, talent, English beer, good food The poem takes its title from the bugle call used at British ceremonies remembering those killed in war, the "Last Post". The poem received a generally favourable critical reaction.
Vorticism - Wikipedia Origins[edit] The name Vorticism was given to the movement by Ezra Pound in 1913,[1] although Lewis, usually seen as the central figure in the movement, had been producing paintings in the same style for a year or so previously.[4] Participants[edit] The eleven signatories of the Vorticist manifesto were: BLAST[edit] The Vorticists published two issues of the literary magazine BLAST, in June 1914 and July 1915 which Lewis edited.[5] It contained work by Ezra Pound and T. Demise and legacy[edit] Paintings and sculpture shown at the Rebel Art Centre in 1914, before the formation of the Vorticist Group was experimental work by Lewis, Wadsworth, Shakespear and others, using angular simplification and abstraction. After this, the movement broke up, largely due to the onset of World War I and public apathy towards the work. See also[edit] Notes[edit] References[edit] Antcliffe, Mark, and Green, Vivien (eds.). External links[edit]
Exit wounds: Poet laureate Carol Ann Duffy commissions war poetry for today Poets, from ancient times, have written about war. It is the poet's obligation, wrote Plato, to bear witness. In modern times, the young soldiers of the first world war turned the horrors they endured and witnessed in trench combat - which slaughtered them in their millions - into a vividly new kind of poetry, and most of us, when we think of "war poetry" will find the names of Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon coming first to our lips, with Ivor Gurney, Isaac Rosenberg, Rupert Brooke ... What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? ... British poets in our early 21st century do not go to war, as Keith Douglas did and Edward Thomas before him. In Times of Peace by John Agard That finger - index to be exact -so used to a trigger's warmthhow will it begin to deal with skinthat threatens only to embrace? Those feet, so at home in heavy bootsand stepping over bodies -how will they cope with a bubble bathwhen foam is all there is for ambush? And what of hearts in times of peace? Listen
Decadent movement - Wikipedia The Decadent movement was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement of Western Europe. It flourished in France, but also had devotees in England and throughout Europe, as well as in the United States. Overview[edit] In Britain the leading figures associated with the Decadent movement were Oscar Wilde, Aubrey Beardsley and some artists and writers associated with The Yellow Book. In the United States, the brothers Edgar and Francis Saltus wrote decadent fiction and poetry. Symbolism has often been confused with Decadence. Artists and writers[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Bibliography[edit]
Radiohead: Harry Patch (In Memory of) | Review Radiohead's Thom Yorke ... a desolate lament for the late war veteran Harry Patch. Photograph: Mark Allan Those who tuned into Radio 4 this morning (Wednesday 5 August), received a nice surprise. The simply titled Harry Patch (In Memory of) was aired just days after the band finished recording it. It begins with Thom Yorke offering a desolate lament over bleak, circling strings that build as the song progresses. The final line comes from an interview given by a frail Patch to the Today programme in 2005: "The next world war will be chemical, but they will never learn." Considering the solemnity of the subject, the song finds Radiohead at their most understated and serene, a respectful and ceremonial contrast to the fury of Harrowdown Hill, the song Yorke wrote in tribute to Dr David Kelly. Patch died on 25 July, the last survivor of the bloody Passchendaele assault. The lyrics to Harry Patch (In Memory of) are available on the Today programme website.
Symbolism - Wikipedia Distinct from, but related to, the style of literature, symbolism of art is related to the gothic component of Romanticism. The term "symbolism" is derived from the word "symbol" which derives from the Latin symbolum, a symbol of faith, and symbolus, a sign of recognition, in turn from classical Greek συμβόλον symbolon, an object cut in half constituting a sign of recognition when the carriers were able to reassemble the two halves. In ancient Greece, the symbolon, was a shard of pottery which was inscribed and then broken into two pieces which were given to the ambassadors from two allied city states as a record of the alliance. The symbolist poets have a more complex relationship with Parnassianism, a French literary style that immediately preceded it. One of Symbolism's most colourful promoters in Paris was art and literary critic (and occultist) Joséphin Péladan, who established the Salon de la Rose + Croix. and Rimbaud's poem Voyelles: Je me mire et me vois ange!
World War I in art and literature Art[edit] The years of warfare were the backdrop for art which is now preserved and displayed in such institutions as the Imperial War Museum in London, the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa, and the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Official war artists were commissioned by the British Ministry of Information and the authorities of other countries. After 1914, avant-garde artists began to consider and investigate many things that had once seemed unimaginable. As Marc Chagall later remarked, "The war was another plastic work that totally absorbed us, which reformed our forms, destroyed the lines, and gave a new look to the universe Some artists responded positively to the changes wrought by war. The commissions related to the official war artists programmes insisted on the recording of scenes of war. The Cubist vocabulary itself was adapted and modified by the Royal Navy during "the Great War." The most popular painting in the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1917 was Frank O. Painting[edit]
HAROLD BLOOM'S THEOCRATIC CANON In The Western Canon; The Books and School of the Age (1994), Harold Bloom examines the Western literary tradition by concentrating on the works of twenty-six authors central to the Canon. Bloom concludes his work with an extensive bibliography covering 36 two-columned pages. Here he provides a complete list of essential writers and books - his version of the Canon. The list is divided into four chronological ages: Theocratic, Aristocratic, Democratic , and Chaotic. THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Gilgamesh. ANCIENT INDIA The Mahabharata. THE ANCIENT GREEKS Homer The Iliad. HELLENISTIC GREEKS Menander The Girl from Samos. THE ROMANS Plautus Pseudolus. Saint Augustine The City of God. Continue on with: The Aristocratic Age.
Lost Generation The "Lost Generation" was the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway, who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, The Sun Also Rises. In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron. In A Moveable Feast, published after Hemingway and Stein's death, Hemingway claims that Stein heard the phrase from a garage owner who serviced Stein's car. When a young mechanic failed to repair the car quickly enough, the garage owner shouted at the boy, "You are all a "génération perdue In literature[edit] This term originated with Gertrude Stein who, after being unimpressed by the skills of a young car mechanic, asked the garage owner where the young man had been trained. 'Lost means not vanished but disoriented, wandering, directionless — a recognition that there was great confusion and aimlessness among the war's survivors in the early post-war years Other uses[edit] References[edit]
Realism (arts) Realism in the arts may be generally defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. The term originated in the 19th century, and was used to describe the work of Gustave Courbet and a group of painters who rejected idealization, focusing instead on everyday life.[1] In its most specific sense, Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution.[2] Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement. Instead it sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting.
Prose & Poetry - Literary Ambulance Drivers A remarkable number of well known authors were ambulance drivers during World War I. Among them were Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings, and Somerset Maugham. Robert Service, the writer of Yukon poetry including The Shooting of Dan McGrew, and Charles Nordhoff, co-author of Mutiny On the Bounty, drove ambulances in the Great War. At least 23 well known literary figures drove ambulances in the First World War. If the list were expanded to include those working in medically related fields during the war, such names as Gertrude Stein, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, and E.M. The concentration of famous writers as ambulance drivers is unique to the First World War. This raises several questions: Why did numerous future literary figures volunteer for ambulance work in the First World War? The answers to these questions tend to shed light on the times in which these writers lived and the changes which occurred in American society during the period of the First World War. The Dismal Past