Upanishads

Shatyayaniya Upanishad The Shatyayaniya Upanishad (Sanskrit: शाट्यायनीय उपनिषत्, IAST: Śāṭyāyanīya Upaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text, composed about the start of 13th-century, and is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. The text is attached to the Shukla Yajurveda, and is one of the 20 Sannyasa (renunciation) Upanishads. The Shatyayaniya Upanishad is a significant exception in the collection of ancient and medieval Sannyasa Upanishads, most of which are premised on the Advaita Vedanta philosophy.[8][9] Shatyayaniya is premised on and presents renunciation from Vaishnavism philosophy perspective.[8] However, all Sannyasa texts including the Shatyayaniya Upanishad emphasize nondualism, same renunciation rites and outlook, the use of yoga, meditation on Om and Brahman as the ultimate reality, pursuit of living liberation, a virtuous simple life that journeys towards and with self-knowledge, with Shatyayaniya calling Vishnu as the "very self, and into whom the renouncers enter, liberated". See also[edit]

Vedas Ancient scriptures of Hinduism The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the Atharvaveda. The Vedas (,[4] IAST: veda, Sanskrit: वेदः, lit. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda.[8][9] Each Veda has four subdivisions – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (texts discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge).[8][10][11] Some scholars add a fifth category – the Upasanas (worship). The Vedas have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques. Etymology and usage The Sanskrit word véda "knowledge, wisdom" is derived from the root vid- "to know". Vedas are called Maṛai or Vaymoli in parts of South India. Rigveda

Buddhism - Wikipedia Dharmic religion Buddhism,[a] also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion[b] based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.[7] It is the world's fourth-largest religion,[8] with about 320 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise four percent of the global population.[10] It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a śramaṇa movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. Buddhism has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to the West in the 20th century.[11] According to tradition, the Buddha instructed his followers in a path of development which leads to awakening and full liberation from dukkha (lit. The Theravāda branch has a widespread following in Sri Lanka as well as in Southeast Asia, namely Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Etymology The Buddha Worldview Four Noble Truths – dukkha and its ending Saṃsāra Karma

דמות הפורושה לאורך הדורות – סדנה בת שלושה מפגשים של קריאה ולימוד טקסטים עם נגה ברקאי בויג'ננה יוגה לימוד טקסטים מהווה חלק בלתי נפרד מהאימון האישי, ולכן קריאה בהם מתקימת גם בשעורים הרגילים. עם זאת ראוי לתת לקריאה והגות מקום של כבוד, ולכך מיועדים שעורים בהם הטקסט הוא האימון. קורס בן שלושה שעורים שיעסוק ב דמותו של הפורושה לאורך הדורות יתקיים בימי שישי, בין השעות 11:30-14-00 בתאריכים 20.11, 27.11, 4.12 מחיר: 80₪ למפגש. הקורס יתקיים בסטודיו לויג'ננה יוגה של ורד עיני בהוד השרון. הרשמה דרך ורד: 052-8391818 השעור הראשון הינו מבוא. נגה ברקאי – מורה לויג'ננה יוגה, תלמידתה של אורית סן-גופטה, מתרגלת יוגה מעל עשרים שנה. בוגרת החוג ללימודים הודיים וסנסקריט והחוג לספרות באוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים. עוסקת בטקסטים כחלק בלתי נפרד מאימון היוגה, ומתוך אהבה גדולה לספרות, שירה ואמנות הסיפור. אפשר בהחלט להצטרף לסדנה גם ללא ידע קודם.

Pranagnihotra Upanishad The Pranagnihotra Upanishad (Sanskrit: प्राणाग्निहोत्र उपनिषत्, IAST:Pranagnihotra Upaniṣad) is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. In the anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 94. The Sanskrit text is one of the 22 Samanya Upanishads, part of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy literature and is attached to the Atharva Veda. The Upanishad comprises 23 verses.[5] The Pranagnihotra Upanishad's title literally means Hotra (sacrifice) offered to the Agni (fire) of Prana (breath, life force) The Upanishad suggests that even if one does not perform external rituals such as the Vedic Agnihotra and one lacks the knowledge of Samkhya or Yoga philosophy, one can nevertheless achieve moksha (liberation, freedom) by realizing that the God is within one's body, and the universal soul in the individual self represents the all pervading Brahman. The text is also known as Pranagnihotropanishad (Sanskrit: प्राणाग्निहोत्रोपनिषत्). Part 1[edit]

Vedanta Vedanta (/vɪˈdɑːntə/; Hindustani pronunciation: [ʋeːd̪aːn̪t̪], Devanagari: वेदान्त, Vedānta) is one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy. The term literally translates to "the end of Veda" or "the conclusion of Veda," and originally referred to the Upanishads, a collection of foundational texts in Hinduism (considered the last appendix or final layer of the Vedic canon). By the 8th century,[citation needed] it came to mean all philosophical traditions concerned with interpreting the three basic texts of Hinduist philosophy, namely the Upanishads, the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita, and was eventually recognized as distinct from the other five astika schools. Etymology[edit] The name is a morphophonological form of Veda-anta = "Veda-end" = "the appendix to the Vedic hymns". In earlier writings, Sanskrit 'Vedānta' simply referred to the Upanishads, the most speculative and philosophical of the Vedic texts. The three basic texts[edit] History[edit] Earliest Vedanta[edit]

Greek Dark Ages - Wikipedia Period of ancient Greece from c. 1050 to c. 750 BC The term Greek Dark Ages refers to the period of Greek history from the end of the Mycenaean palatial civilization, around 1100 BC, to the beginning of the Archaic age, around 750 BC.[1] Archaeological evidence shows a widespread collapse of Bronze Age civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean world at the outset of the period, as the great palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were destroyed or abandoned. At about the same time, the Hittite civilization suffered serious disruption, as cities from Troy to Gaza were destroyed. In Egypt, the New Kingdom fell into disarray, which led to the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. It was previously thought that all contact was lost between mainland Hellenes and foreign powers during this period, yielding little cultural progress or growth. Life was undoubtedly harsh for the Greeks of the Dark Ages. Mediterranean warfare and Sea Peoples[edit] Culture[edit] Post-Mycenaean Cyprus[edit] Society[edit]

sanskrit-alphabet-tutor Pronounced like:far, bar, star Not like:sad, bad, cat, date mouth should be open but not too much - not wide open. Pronounced like the short "a", but twice as long, and the mouth should be more open. Pronounced like the "i" in: bip, sit, Italy, in. Not like the i in: ice, Ireland, iron, i-pod. Pronounced like the short "i", but twice as long. Similar to the "ee" or "ea" in the words: seen, dear, near, clear Pronounced like the "u" in: put. not like the "u" in: up, but, hut. Pronounced like the short "u" but twice as long. Similar to the double "o" in: room, bloom The vocalic "r" is a special sound. It is pronounced with the tongue curling backwards and up to reverberate in touching the upper area of the palate. Tips for pronounciation: try to curve the tongue up to the palate and pronounce a rolling "r" sound without pronouncing "i" or "u" after it. Same like the previous letter - the short vocalic "r" - but twice as long. Pronounced like the "e" in" ever, never, better (...but longer)

Republic of Macedonia republic in Southeast Europe Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ( listen); Macedonian: Македонија, translit. listen)), is a country in the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. The country became a member of the United Nations in 1993, but, as a result of an ongoing dispute with Greece over the use of the name Macedonia, was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia[9][10] (sometimes abbreviated as FYROM and FYR Macedonia), a term that is also used by international organizations such as the European Union,[11] the Council of Europe,[12] and NATO.[13] The sovereign state of Macedonia is a parliamentary republic and member of the UN and of the Council of Europe. Etymology History Ancient and Roman period Medieval and Ottoman period The church of St. In the early 13th century, a revived Bulgarian Empire gained control of the region. Following Dusan's death, a weak successor appeared, and power struggles between nobles divided the Balkans once again. Geography

Hindu units of time Hindu religious scriptures such as the Vedas and Purāṇas describe a massive range of units of Kāla measurements, spanning right from Paramāṇu (time length of about 17 microseconds) to the Mahā-Manvantara (311.04 trillion years). According to these texts, the creation and destruction of the universe is a cyclic process, which repeats itself forever. Each cycle starts with the birth and expansion (lifetime) of the universe equaling 311.04 trillion years, followed by its complete annihilation (which also prevails for the same duration) which is done by Lord Shiv(Bholenath) . Introduction Ancient Hindu units of measurement are still prevalent in the Hindus and Jains communities lifestyle. Time Hindu measurements in logarithmic scale (approx.). The Complete Hindu metrics of time (Kāla Vyavahāra) can be summarized as below. An alternate system described in the Viṣṇu Purāṇa Time measurement section of the Viṣṇu Purāṇa Book I Chapter III is as follows: Lunar metrics Tropical metrics = 1,000 Mahā-Yuga

Olmec - Wikipedia Olmec jadeite mask 1000–600 BCE The Olmecs were the first major civilization in Guatemala and Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco and modern southwestern pacific lowlands of Guatemala.[1] They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. It has been speculated that Olmec derive in part from neighboring Mokaya and/or Mixe–Zoque. The population of the Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. The aspect of the Olmecs most familiar now is their artwork, particularly the aptly named "colossal heads".[4] The Olmec civilization was first defined through artifacts which collectors purchased on the pre-Columbian art market in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Etymology The name 'Olmec' comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: Ōlmēcatl [oːlˈmeːkat͡ɬ] (singular) or Ōlmēcah [oːlˈmeːkaʔ] (plural). Overview Origins La Venta Decline Art .

Rigveda - Wikipedia First of the four sacred canonical texts (śruti) of Hinduism Rigveda (padapatha) manuscript in Devanagari, early 19th century. After a scribal benediction (śrīgaṇéśāyanamaḥ Au3m), the first line has the first pada, RV 1.1.1a (agniṃ iḷe puraḥ-hitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvijaṃ). The pitch-accent is marked by underscores and vertical overscores in red. The Rigveda or Rig Veda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, from ṛc "praise"[2] and veda "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text.[5] Its early layers are one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language.[6][note 2] The sounds and texts of the Rigveda have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE. The text is layered consisting of the Samhita, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. Dating and historical context A map of tribes and rivers mentioned in the Rigveda. Dating Historical and societal context Text Composition Collection and organisation Organisation Hymns

Macedonia Macedonia most commonly refers to: Macedonia, Makedonia, Makedonija, or Makedoniya may also refer to: Other historical entities Other geographical uses Within the region Vardar Macedonia, a geographic region corresponding roughly to the territory of North MacedoniaCentral Macedonia, a province in northern GreeceEastern Macedonia and Thrace, a province in northern GreeceWestern Macedonia, a province in northern GreecePirin Macedonia, a geographic region of southwestern Bulgaria United States Others Macedônia, São Paulo, BrazilMacedonia, a village of Ciacova, RomaniaMacedonia, area of Glenrothes, Scotland, United Kingdom Publications Ships MV Makedoniya, a Bulgarian small cargo ship in service 1932–41MV Makedonia, a Greek passenger ship in service 1984–85 Sports FK Makedonija Gjorče Petrov, a football club in SkopjeFC Macedonia, a former football club in Skopje (1941 to 1944) Other uses See also

The Concept of Time in Hinduism Most of us are accustomed to living life according to linear beliefs and patterns of existence. We believe everything has a beginning, middle and an end. But Hinduism has little to do with the linear nature of history, the linear concept of time or the linear pattern of life. Cyclical Time The passage of 'linear' time has brought us where we are today. Time is God According to the Hindu theory of creation, time (Sanskrit 'kal') is a manifestation of God. Kalachakra The Cycle of Time God creates the cycle of time, called Kalachakra, in order to create divisions and movements of life and sustain the worlds in periodic time frames.